https://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/DeepLearningInNeuralNetworksOverview.JSchmidhuber2015.pdf

Deep learning in neural networks

Machine Learning is the study of methods for programming computers to learn. Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. However, there are many tasks for which this is difficult or impossible. These can be divided into four general categories. First, there are problems for which there exist no human experts. For example, in modern automated manufacturing facilities, there is a need to predict machine failures before they occur by analyzing sensor readings. Because the machines are new, there are no human experts who can be interviewed by a programmer to provide the knowledge necessary to build a computer system. A machine learning system can study recorded data and subsequent machine failures and learn prediction rules. Second, there are problems where human experts exist, but where they are unable to explain their expertise. This is the case in many perceptual tasks, such as speech recognition, hand-writing recognition, and natural language understanding. Virtually all humans exhibit expert-level abilities on these tasks, but none of them can describe the detailed steps that they follow as they perform them. Fortunately, humans can provide machines with examples of the inputs and correct outputs for these tasks, so machine learning algorithms can learn to map the inputs to the outputs. Third, there are problems where phenomena are changing rapidly. In finance, for example, people would like to predict the future behavior of the stock market, of consumer purchases, or of exchange rates. These behaviors change frequently, so that even if a programmer could construct a good predictive computer program, it would need to be rewritten frequently. A learning program can relieve the programmer of this burden by constantly modifying and tuning a set of learned prediction rules. Fourth, there are applications that need to be customized for each computer user separately. Consider, for example, a program to filter unwanted electronic mail messages. Different users will need different filters. It is unreasonable to expect each user to program his or her own rules, and it is infeasible to provide every user with a software engineer to keep the rules up-to-date. A machine learning system can learn which mail messages the user rejects and maintain the filtering rules automatically. Machine learning addresses many of the same research questions as the fields of statistics, data mining, and psychology, but with differences of emphasis. Statistics focuses on understanding the phenomena that have generated the data, often with the goal of testing different hypotheses about those phenomena. Data mining seeks to find patterns in the data that are understandable by people. Psychological studies of human learning aspire to understand the mechanisms underlying the various learning behaviors exhibited by people (concept learning, skill acquisition, strategy change, etc.).

Machine learning

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

/pdf/convex-analysisnoer-san-nojin-zhan-nituite-5dl2rbmoyr.pdf

Convex Analysisの二,三の進展について

There are two widely known issues with properly training Recurrent Neural Networks, the vanishing and the exploding gradient problems detailed in Bengio et al. (1994). In this paper we attempt to improve the understanding of the underlying issues by exploring these problems from an analytical, a geometric and a dynamical systems perspective. Our analysis is used to justify a simple yet effective solution. We propose a gradient norm clipping strategy to deal with exploding gradients and a soft constraint for the vanishing gradients problem. We validate empirically our hypothesis and proposed solutions in the experimental section.

On the difficulty of training Recurrent Neural Networks

Symbolic function network

Dynamic pricing is the science of pricing a product in a time-varying way for optimising revenue. There is a slow but steady tendency over the last three decades for major businesses to mov...

A framework for an agent-based dynamic pricing for broadband wireless price rate plans

This paper implements a new leukemia identification method which depends on Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) feature extraction and wavelet transform. Leukemia identification is a measurement of blood cell features for detecting the blood cancer of a patient. Blood cell feature extraction is based on transforming the blood cell two dimensional (2D) image into one dimensional (1D) signal and thereafter extracting MFCCs from such signal. Furthermore, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of the 1D blood cell signals are used for extracting extra MFCCs features to assist the identification procedure. In addition, Wavelet transform with denoising is used to reduce noise and increase classification accuracy. Feature matching/classification of the blood cell to be a normal cell or leukemia cell is performed in the proposed method using five different classifiers. Experimental results of leukemia identification method show that the proposed method is very good with wavelet transform and robust in the presence of noise.

/pdf/a-new-approach-for-leukemia-identification-based-on-cepstral-395n0ay89p.pdf

A New Approach for Leukemia Identification based on Cepstral Analysis and Wavelet Transform

ArSphere: Arabic word vectors embedded in a polar sphere

Time-series forecasting is an important research and application area. Much effort has been devoted over the past decades to develop and improve the time series forecasting models based on statistical and machine learning techniques. Forecast combination is a well-established and well-tested approach for improving forecasting accuracy. Many time series may contain some structural breaks that may affect the performance of forecasting due to the varying nature of the dynamics with time. In this study we investigate the performance of using forecast combination in handling these breaks, and in mitigating the effects of discontinuities in time series.

pdf/forecast-combination-strategies-for-handling-structural-xum48uh5rh.pdf

Forecast combination strategies for handling structural breaks for time series forecasting

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