Poisson's ratio had long been considered to be an intrinsic material property, confined within a narrow domain and governed solely by the geometry of interatomic bonds. Materials with designed heterogeneity allow for control over the Poisson's ratio. Poisson's ratios of any value within the thermodynamically admissible domain may be attained, including negative Poisson's ratio (termed auxetic). In this article, we discuss the role of Poisson's ratio in elasticity, two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials, phase transformations, underlying causes in the microstructure, and other negative physical properties.

Negative-Poisson's-Ratio Materials: Auxetic Solids

Auxetics are a modern class of material fabricated by altering the material microstructure. Unlike conventional materials, auxetics exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio when subjected to tensile loading. These materials have gained popularity within the research community because of their enhanced properties, such as density, stiffness, fracture toughness and dampening. This paper provides a critical oversight of the auxetic field with particular emphasis to the auxetic foams, due to their low price, easy availability and desirable mechanical properties. Key areas discussed include the fabrication method, the effects played by different parameters (temperature, heating time, cell shape and size and volumetric compression ratio), microstructural models, mechanical properties and potential applications

A review of the manufacture, mechanical properties and potential applications of auxetic foams

Auxetic foams counter-intuitively expand (shrink) under stretching (compression). These foams can exhibit superior mechanical properties such as resistance to shear and indentation, improved toughness and energy absorption (EA) under several types of loadings. Their unique deformation mechanism and manufacturing process lead to special multiphysics properties such as variable permeability, synclastic curvature and shape memory. Except for traditional energy absorber stuff, the potential applications of auxetic foams have involved biomedicine, aerospace, smart sensing, etc. However, most of the potential applications are restrained in the theoretical stage due to complicated fabrication and a deficiency of stability. For removing the barrier for practical application, a series of issues remain to be resolved, though the explorations of the manufacture methodologies and potential applications are fruitful in the past decades. We present here a review article discussing the state-of-the-art for manufacturing, characterization and applications of auxetic foams. We also provide a view of the existing challenges and possible future research directions, aiming to state the perspective and inspire researchers to further develop the field of auxetic foams. 

/pdf/manufacturing-characteristics-and-applications-of-auxetic-upczt1sl.pdf

Manufacturing, characteristics and applications of auxetic foams: A state-of-the-art review

Based on auxetic foam: A novel type of seismic metamaterial for Lamb waves

The design, manufacturing and characterization of warp knit textile structures with enhanced drapeability and energy absorption is reported in this paper Four textile structures were produced, all based on a triangular or double arrowhead structure, which is known to lead to a negative Poisson's ratio ν Mechanical testing has confirmed that textile structures can be produced which are auxetic at ± 45° to the warp direction, with ν of up to −022 ± 003

Auxetic warp knit textile structures

Several foams of different cell-size, including Scott Industrial polyurethane foam with large cells (20 pores per inch, ppi, or 1.2 mm per pore, black), medium cells (65 ppi, or 0.4 mm per pore, gr...

/pdf/influence-of-cell-size-on-re-entrant-transformation-of-42et4oug07.pdf

Influence of Cell Size on Re-Entrant Transformation of Negative Poisson's Ratio Reticulated Polyurethane Foams

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Influence of Cell Size on Re-Entrant Transformation of Negative Poisson's Ratio Reticulated Polyurethane Foams