State-of-the-art of selective laser melting process: A comprehensive review

A review on laser cladding of high-entropy alloys, their recent trends and potential applications

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a timely important additive manufacturing technique that offers many opportunities for fabricating three-dimensional complex shaped components at a high resolution with short lead times. This technique has been extensively employed in manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V parts for aerospace and biomedical applications. However, many challenges, including poor surface quality, porosity, anisotropy in microstructure and property, and difficulty in tailoring microstructure, still exist. In this paper, we review the recent progress in post-process treatment and its influence on the microstructure evolution and material performance, including tensile, fatigue, fracture toughness, creep, and corrosion properties. The contradictions in simultaneously achieving high strength/ductility and strength/fracture toughness/creep resistance have been identified. Furthermore, research gaps in understanding the effects of the emerging bi-modal microstructure on fatigue properties and fracture toughness require further investigation.

Review of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated Ti-6Al-4V: process, post-process treatment, microstructure, and property

The machining of nickel and titanium-based superalloy components is very expensive and involves unusually high lead times compared with other engineering metals such as steels and aluminum. This has led to the development of most suitable additive manufacturing (AM) processes to fabricate these difficult-to-machine metals into near-net shape parts, thereby reducing the lead time and material waste, and significantly increasing productivity. Nonetheless, finish machining is still required on the AMed metal components to meet the dimensional and surface requirements of the application. Several research studies have investigated the machinability of AMed nickel and titanium alloy workpieces and have compared the results with the machining responses of wrought counterparts, which is detailed in this review. The categorization of the literature is based on the machining operations including turning, milling, drilling, and non-conventional machining, and the observations are discussed in accordance with various input parameters such as workpiece characteristics (hardness, microstructures) and anisotropy in mechanical properties due to build orientations during the AM process. Moreover, the influence of these parameters on cutting forces and temperatures, chip formation, and tool wear is analyzed and reported. From this review, it is found that the machinability of AMed nickel and titanium workpieces is quite different to the machining responses of their wrought counterparts. Further thorough experimentation is required to develop optimized machining parameters for AMed metal parts, while an exploration of different cutting tool geometries, coolant, and lubrication strategies for enhanced tool performance for machining AMed workpieces is essential. Finally, this study reviews the state of contemporary research, and offers suggestions for future research.

https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=12258&context=ecuworkspost2013

Review on machining of additively manufactured nickel and titanium alloys

Development of lattice structure with selective laser melting process: A state of the art on properties, future trends and challenges

Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy: Process parameters, defects and post-treatments

Broadcasting is a fundamental and effective data dissemination mechanism for route discovery, address resolution and many other network services in ad hoc networks. While data broadcasting has many advantages, it also causes some problems such as the broadcast storm problem, which is characterized by redundant retransmission, collision, and contention. Although many approaches have been proposed to solve them, none of them guarantees the lowest bound. We propose a novel scheme to calculate the rebroadcast probability. The scheme considers the information about the uncovered neighbours towards destination (UCN) td, connectivity metric and local node density to calculate the rebroadcast probability. By combining the additional coverage ratio and connectivity factor, we set a reasonable rebroadcast probability. This protocol is implemented over the MANET network and simulated using Network Simulator (NS2). This paper contributes a nodes having highest energy will broadcast the RREQ packets to its neighbours. Performance of the proposed system evaluated based on the parameters such as normalized routing overhead, Packet delivery ratio and Average end-to-end delay.

Optimum Route Selection by Modified Neighbour Coverage

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Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy: Process parameters, defects and post-treatments

Optimum Route Selection by Modified Neighbour Coverage