One of the most detrimental consequences of surface colonization by bacteria is healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which contribute to increased patient mortality and morbidity. Medical devic...

Polymer-Based Coatings with Integrated Antifouling and Bactericidal Properties for Targeted Biomedical Applications

Review of silicone surface modification techniques and coatings for antibacterial/antimicrobial applications to improve breast implant surfaces.

Abstract Mitigating the foreign body response (FBR) to implantable medical devices (IMDs) is critical for successful long‐term clinical deployment. The FBR is an inevitable immunological reaction to IMDs, resulting in inflammation and subsequent fibrotic encapsulation. Excessive fibrosis may impair IMDs function, eventually necessitating retrieval or replacement for continued therapy. Therefore, understanding the implant design parameters and their degree of influence on FBR is pivotal to effective and long lasting IMDs. This review gives an overview of FBR as well as anti‐FBR strategies. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in biomimetic approaches to resist FBR, focusing on their characteristics and potential biomedical applications.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/btm2.10300

Advanced strategies to thwart foreign body response to implantable devices

Natural biomacromolecules such as structural proteins and polysaccharides are composed of the basic building blocks of life: amino acids and carbohydrates. Understanding their molecular structure, self-assembly and interaction in solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) is critical for unleashing a flora of new materials, revolutionizing the way we fabricate multi-structural and multi-functional systems with tunable physicochemical properties. Ionic liquids are superior to organic solvents because they do not produce unwanted by-products and are considered green substitutes because of their reusability. In addition, they will significantly improve the miscibility of biopolymers with other materials while maintaining the mechanical properties of the biopolymer in the final product. Understanding and controlling the physicochemical properties of biopolymers in ionic liquids matrices will be crucial for progress leading to the ability to fabricate robust multi-level structural 1D fiber materials. It will also help to predict the relationship between fiber conformation and protein secondary structures or carbohydrate crystallinity, thus creating potential applications for cell growth signaling, ionic conductivity, liquid diffusion and thermal conductivity, and several applications in biomedicine and environmental science. This will also enable the regeneration of biopolymer composite fiber materials with useful functionalities and customizable options critical for additive manufacturing. The specific capabilities of these fiber materials have been shown to vary based on their fabrication methods including electrospinning and post-treatments. This review serves to provide basic knowledge of these commonly utilized protein and polysaccharide biopolymers and their fiber fabrication methods from various ionic liquids, as well as the effect of post-treatments on these fiber materials and their applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, wound healing, environmental filters and sustainable and green chemistry research.

/pdf/protein-and-polysaccharide-based-fiber-materials-generated-3df6m8ek82.pdf

Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Fiber Materials Generated from Ionic Liquids: A Review.

Soft cationic core/shell cellulose nanospheres can deform and interpenetrate allowing their self-assembly into densely packed colloidal nanogel layers. Taking advantage of their water-swelling capacity and molecular accessibility, the nanogels are proposed as a new and promising type of coating material to immobilize bioactive molecules on thin films and paper. The specific and nonspecific interactions between the cellulosic nanogel and human immunoglobulin G as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) are investigated. Confocal microscopy, electroacoustic microgravimetry, and surface plasmon resonance are used to access information about the adsorption behavior and viscoelastic properties of self-assembled nanogels. A significant BSA adsorption capacity on nanogel layers (17 mg m-2 ) is measured, 300% higher compared to typical polymer coatings. This high protein affinity further confirms the promise of the introduced colloidal gel layer, in increasing sensitivity and advancing a new generation of substrates for a variety of applications, including immunoassays, as demonstrated in this work.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smll.202004702

Self‐Assembly of Soft Cellulose Nanospheres into Colloidal Gel Layers with Enhanced Protein Adsorption Capability for Next‐Generation Immunoassays

Engineering functional biomaterials surfaces that resist biofilm formation triggered by unspecific protein adsorption is a key challenge, and these biosurfaces hold a huge potential in implant-associated infection. Herein, we report a water-based facile approach to install carboxylated-hyaluronic acid and sulfated-fucoidan on cationically tethered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) implant. We showed that these hydrophilic, charged, polysaccharide-based biosurfaces/biocoatings provide long-term stability, no adsorption of proteins (albumin and fibrinogen), similar to zwitterionic polymers, and enhanced resistance to plasma deposition and growth of Staphylococcus aureus pathogen. These findings shall pave the way in developing novel biocoatings, thereby broadening the applicability of PDMS-based implants in complex biological applications.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01288

Highly Protein Repellent and Antiadhesive Polysaccharide Biomaterial Coating for Urinary Catheter Applications.

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Highly Protein Repellent and Antiadhesive Polysaccharide Biomaterial Coating for Urinary Catheter Applications.