A simple and robust serum-free media for the proliferation of muscle cells

Metallothionein-2: An emerging target in inflammatory diseases and cancers.

This study aimed to compare the morphology and physical properties of the enamel structure of bovine, buffalo and human teeth. Analysis of this tissue was performed by scanning electron microscopy, mineral composition, microhardness and surface roughness of enamel in 41 buffalo incisors (Bos taurus indicus), 41 bovine incisors (Pelorovis antiques), and 30 human permanent incisors. The results showed a significant similarity between the ultrastructure of enamel in these animal species and the one found in human samples. The chemical elements which presented higher concentration in bovine and buffalo enamel were: O,Ca and P, precisely those that form hydroxyapatite crystals - Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2. Knoop microhardness values showed no statistically significant differences between the three species. However, the surface roughness of buffalo enamel (2.16µm ±0.23) was significantly higher when compared with human (0.36µm ±0.05) and bovine teeth (0.41µm ±0.07). It is concluded that the characteristics and properties of bovine and buffalo enamel, as obtained from our analysis and testing, showed a similar morphology to that of humans. They showed a similar ultrastructural architecture, microhardness and mineral composition equivalent to the human dental tissue, becoming reference models for research.

/pdf/avaliacao-comparativa-da-ultraestrutura-e-propriedades-2xielibt2p.pdf

Avaliação comparativa da ultraestrutura e propriedades físicas do esmalte bovino, bubalino e humano

Craniofacial morphogenesis is a complex process that requires precise regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Perturbations of this process cause a series of craniofacial deformities. Dlx2 is a critical transcription factor that regulates the development of the first branchial arch. However, the transcriptional regulatory functions of Dlx2 during craniofacial development have been poorly understood due to the lack of animal models in which the Dlx2 level can be precisely modulated. In this study, we constructed a Rosa26 site-directed Dlx2 gene knock-in mouse model Rosa26 CAG-LSL-Dlx2−3xFlag for conditionally overexpressing Dlx2. By breeding with wnt1 cre mice, we obtained wnt1 cre ; Rosa26 Dlx2/- mice, in which Dlx2 is overexpressed in neural crest lineage at approximately three times the endogenous level. The wnt1 cre ; Rosa26 Dlx2/- mice exhibited consistent phenotypes that include cleft palate across generations and individual animals. Using this model, we demonstrated that Dlx2 caused cleft palate by affecting maxillary growth and uplift in the early-stage development of maxillary prominences. By performing bulk RNA-sequencing, we demonstrated that Dlx2 overexpression induced significant changes in many genes associated with critical developmental pathways. In summary, our novel mouse model provides a reliable and consistent system for investigating Dlx2 functions during development and for elucidating the gene regulatory networks underlying craniofacial development.

A Neural Crest-specific Overexpression Mouse Model Reveals the Transcriptional Regulatory Effects of Dlx2 During Maxillary Process Development

Resumen en: Introduction: Although it is possible to obtain a reliable bond between enamel and composite resin, the ideal bonding method of composite resin to dentin...

Effect of substrate and adhesive system type on composite resin restorations

Downregulation of metallothionein 2A reduces migration, invasion and proliferation activities in human squamous cell carcinoma cells

Buffalo production takes place in several areas worldwide. In Brazil, buffalo are raised mainly in the Northern region, specifically in the Marajo archipelago, where most of the herd is slaughtered for meat. This makes possible the extraction of numerous healthy teeth from these animals as replacements for human teeth in laboratory tests. Aim: To evaluate the morphology of enamel from species Bubalus bubalis as a replacement for human enamel in laboratory research studies, considering its wider availability in the Amazon region. Methods: After removal, the teeth were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Teeth were sectioned in different planes – some were subjected to abrasion and others were merely polished for observation of surface enamel. All samples were submitted to a cleaning process, dried, sputter-coated with a platinum alloy and set for observation under SEM. Results: The SEM micrographs revealed an aprismatic surface enamel as well as prismatic enamel, the latter being similar to human enamel, in both arrangement and morphology. Conclusions: Buffalo enamel showed prismatic morphology, requiring further tests to corroborate its use as a substitute for human teeth.

/pdf/ultrastructure-of-buffalo-tooth-enamel-a-possible-x8ng7h5189.pdf

Ultrastructure of buffalo tooth enamel: a possible replacement for human teeth in laboratory research

Objective Ameloblastoma (AME) is a benign, odontogenic neoplasm characterized by a locally invasive growth pattern. In the interest of understanding the aggressiveness of neoplasms, research on the role of stem cells has gained prominence. SOX-2, NANOG, and OCT4 transcription factors are important stem cell biomarkers. Study Design Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of these transcription factors in tissue samples of AME, dentigerous cyst (CD), and dental follicle (DF). In addition, indirect immunofluorescence and transcriptomic analysis were performed from a cell line derived from AME (AME-hTERT). Results The expression of SOX-2, NANOG, and OCT4 was observed in tissue samples and in the AME-hTERT cell line. Higher immunostaining of the studied proteins was observed in AME in comparison to CD and FD (p<0.001). There was also an association of OCT4 and SOX-2 proteins in AME neoplastic cells (p=0.0294). Transcriptomic analysis revealed a network of mutual interaction between the three transcription factors. Conclusion The presence of these biomarkers indicates a probable role of stem cells in the genesis and progression of AME. Ameloblastoma (AME) is a benign, odontogenic neoplasm characterized by a locally invasive growth pattern. In the interest of understanding the aggressiveness of neoplasms, research on the role of stem cells has gained prominence. SOX-2, NANOG, and OCT4 transcription factors are important stem cell biomarkers. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of these transcription factors in tissue samples of AME, dentigerous cyst (CD), and dental follicle (DF). In addition, indirect immunofluorescence and transcriptomic analysis were performed from a cell line derived from AME (AME-hTERT). The expression of SOX-2, NANOG, and OCT4 was observed in tissue samples and in the AME-hTERT cell line. Higher immunostaining of the studied proteins was observed in AME in comparison to CD and FD (p<0.001). There was also an association of OCT4 and SOX-2 proteins in AME neoplastic cells (p=0.0294). Transcriptomic analysis revealed a network of mutual interaction between the three transcription factors. The presence of these biomarkers indicates a probable role of stem cells in the genesis and progression of AME. 

Immunoexpression of stem cell markers in ameloblastoma

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Downregulation of metallothionein 2A reduces migration, invasion and proliferation activities in human squamous cell carcinoma cells

Ultrastructure of buffalo tooth enamel: a possible replacement for human teeth in laboratory research

Immunoexpression of stem cell markers in ameloblastoma