Introduction It is well proven that psychoemotional factors play causative role in development of many civilization diseases. Psychosocial stress is effecting with development of certain oral parafunctions like teeth grinding, bruxism, or cheeks biting. Eventually, all of those parafunctional activities may cause increase of masticatory muscles tone and provoke its intensification. Literature indicates that students must cope with greater level of stressful situations than the average representative of the society. Methods The research group comprised Ist-year physiotherapy and dentistry students from University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw and Wroclaw Medical University. The study consisted the following: psychological and health questionnaires, and stomatological examination with masseter muscles' electromyography. Results In intraoral examination, symptoms of parafunctions were more frequently observed in physiotherapy students. The mean tone of masseters was higher also among physiotherapy students. The level of perceived stress was high in both groups, and the experienced borderline and incorrect results in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were more frequently observed in dentistry students. The mean tone of masseter muscle was rising with the level of anxiety in physiotherapy group. Among dentistry, the tendency for rise of masseter muscle tone together with level of anxiety and depression was observed. Conclusions Physiotherapy and dentistry beginners differ between each other's by prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunction symptoms. The level of perceived stress is high in both groups. The level of experienced anxiety and depression is higher in dentistry group. In both study groups, there is significant growth and tendency for simultaneous rise of masseter muscle tone accordingly to stress, anxiety, and depression indicators.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/brb3.1797

The impact of stress, anxiety and depression on stomatognathic system of physiotherapy and dentistry first-year students.

/pdf/estudio-panoramico-de-la-morfologia-del-condilo-mandibular-4z5ezq56t1.pdf

Estudio Panorámico de la Morfología del Cóndilo Mandibular en una Muestra de Población de la Ciudad de Basora

Objectives: The purpose of writing this literature review is to describe the condyle shape and position parameters in panoramic radiographs to be used as markers in diagnosing a TMD case.
Literature Review: There are several classifications of both normal and pathological condyles in terms of panoramic radiographs, however these require more detailed observation. Panoramic radiographs that are only two-dimentional and only performed when the teeth are biting edge to edge so that they only show the position of the condyle movement and the shape of the condyle from the lateral view. Panoramic radiograph also have limitations in imaging soft tissues such as articular disc which are vital anatomy in analyzing a TMD case. 
Conclusion: Assessment of the shape and position of the condyles on a panoramic radiograph can be used as an early diagnosis of TMD. 2-dimensional modalities such as TMJ conventional lateral and frontal or 3-dimensional modalities such as CBCT or CT can be used for further assessment of a TMD case, while MRI or ultrasound can be used for soft tissue abnormalities.

/pdf/bentuk-dan-posisi-kondilus-sebagai-marker-pada-1r9bmspbww.pdf

Bentuk dan posisi kondilus sebagai marker pada Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) melalui radiografi panoramik

Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at People’s Dental College and Hospital within the time period of 1 year (November 2019- November 2020). Orthopantomogram of patients falling within the inclusion criteria were studied.  The different shapes of condylar process were traced using marker pencil for both right and left sides. Data collected was entered in Microsoft Office Excel sheet 2013-- and calculated in SPSS version 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of the 874 mandibular condyles of 437 patients, the most common was the oval shaped in both the right (275) and the left sides (277), followed by bird beak, diamond, flat and crooked finger respectively. The oval shaped condyle appeared to be predominant in both sexes. The flat shaped and diamond shaped condyle appeared to be a rarity.
Conclusions: The most common shape of condyle was found to be oval shape bilaterally and in both genders.  Least observed shapes of condyle were flat shape in female patients and diamond shape in male patients.

/pdf/morphology-of-condyle-a-radiographic-study-3dgzja8b.pdf

Morphology of condyle- a radiographic study

The most complex and important portion of the body and masticatory system are the temporomandibular joint. The growth of mandibular bone in both sagittal and vertical directions is by the condylar process. This study is done to determine different shapes of mandibular condyles using orthopantomographs (OPGs). The study's goal was to determine the morphology of the mandibular condyle in South Indians. One hundred digital OPGs with no defects were selected and obtained from private dental institutes and hospitals in Chennai for this study. The morphology of the mandibular condyle was studied and tabulated. Using the SPSS software, the Chi-square test was done to find associations between demographics and morphology. The study was an attempt to find the prevalent shape of the condylar head using a panoramic radiograph. Fifty-one percent were oval in shape, 20.5% were bird beak in shape, 13.6% were diamond in shape, and 14.9% were crooked finger in shape. The results suggest an oval–oval shape in more frequency among both genders. OPGs are the most commonly used and interpreted radiographs, due to their low radiation and easy availability among dentists. Hence, the shape of the mandibular condyle can also be determined using OPGs; future studies are to be conducted in large samples to make the context evident.

Evaluation of mandibular condylar morphology using orthopantomogram in South Indian population

Background: Orthopantomograph (OPG) is one of the most common radiograph use by dental surgeon for evaluate information about teeth, Maxilla, Mandible and other bony structure. It is also available, low price and low doses of radiation. Mandibular condyle is most important landmarks of mandible, which is changes due to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the best screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities today. Objectives: The aims at objective of observing and documentation of shapes of condyle on an orthopantomogram, which were very important for treatment of patient in different branch of dentistry specially in oral and maxillofacial surgery. \nMaterials and Methods: This study composed radiographic evaluation of 500 condylar heads after imaging 250 digitalized OPGs taken for analysis. Then evaluate the mandibular condylar shape in 2D dimensional view (OPG). \nResults: In our study, an attempt to common prevalent radiographic shapes of the condylar head on the OPG. 200 pairs of condylar heads were evaluated. Out of them 60% were oval in shape, followed by bird beak (29%), diamond (9%) and least being crooked finger (2%). Oval-oval was commonly occurring mix (67%), whereas crooked/ crooked finger was a rarity. \nConclusion: Due to low radiation exposer and availability, OPG is common chose of dentist for primary evaluate the tooth, mandible and facial skeleton. Shapes of the mandibular condyle also evaluate by OPG which showing ovaloval being most accepted in both genders. \nUpdate Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 29-31

/pdf/evaluation-of-mandibular-condylar-morphology-by-yu6wcy0bhp.pdf

Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Morphology By Orthopantomogram In Bangladeshi Population

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of linea alba buccalis in Bangladeshi population. \nObjective: To study the prevalence of frictional keratosis encompassed by the particular age groups with and without parafunctional habits. \nBackground: Linea alba buccalis is a thickened whitish line on the buccal mucosa at the horizontal of the occlusal plane extending from the corners of the mouth to the posterior teeth. It is usually correlated with the frictional activity of the teeth and may be emphasized by cheek biting or parafunction. The appearance is caused by a keratosis of the epithelial tissue, which cannot be rubbed off. It is asymptomatic and is frequently present bilaterally. The condition does not require treatment. \nLogic: Linea alba buccalis being common finding, it may also found in individuals who chew tobacco, a thorough analysis of the prevalence along with the various contributing factors would assist in prompt treatment and prevent further complications. \nUpdate Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (2): 17-19

/pdf/prevalence-of-linea-alba-buccalis-in-bangladeshi-population-5an3gtwhzs.pdf

Prevalence of Linea Alba Buccalis in Bangladeshi Population

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative outcome in standard Comma Shaped incision and Ward’s incision on postoperative complications in surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar.  Material and Methods: In this study, 100 patients with impacted mandibular third molar were selected for study. The patients were divided in to two groups. Each group contains 50 patients. A standard Ward’s incision was made on one group and a Comma incision was made on another group to reflect the mucoperiosteal flap, after the common steps for removal of impacted third molars were followed. The postoperative parameters were recorded immediately on the postoperative days 1, 3 and 7. For bivariate analyses, Chi square and Student t test were used. The significance level was set at 5%.  Results: The pain and swelling scores were found to be significantly lower in the surgical area with Comma incisions, which was recorded on days 1, 3 and 7 as compared to the area where standard Ward’s incision were made. In mouth opening, there was a sufficiently great difference seen between the two incisions on first postoperative day, but on day 3 and 7 there was no statistical significance.  Conclusion: the Comma Shaped incision design was preferable over the standard Ward’s incision, considering the lesser degree of postoperative complications.

http://revista.uepb.edu.br/index.php/pboci/article/download/4671/pdf

Comparative Study Between Standard Ward’s Incision and Coma Shaped Incision and its Postoperative Outcome on Impacted Mandibular Third Molars Extraction in Bangladeshi Population

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Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Morphology By Orthopantomogram In Bangladeshi Population

Prevalence of Linea Alba Buccalis in Bangladeshi Population

Comparative Study Between Standard Ward’s Incision and Coma Shaped Incision and its Postoperative Outcome on Impacted Mandibular Third Molars Extraction in Bangladeshi Population