The purpose of this paper is to examine the dramatically changed role of Russia in the global economy since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, as the Soviet institutions collapsed and were either reformed or replaced in a new Russian institutional landscape. The paper presents a fact-based and balanced view of Russia’s evolving role in the global economy, as distinguished from the sometimes one-sided view presented by some Western commentators. The authors establish that the two countervailing views are fundamentally based on different cultural perspectives about institutions, primarily the roles of business and government.,This paper is developed as a perspectives article drawing upon the decades of academic and business experience of all three authors with Russian business, management and the economy. The paper focuses on the structure of Russian institutional change and places it within the historical context of the challenges of various periods of time from the late 1980s to the present. The authors posit that cultural foundations complicate that institutional evolution.,Russia will remain a major player in world markets for energy, raw materials and armaments for the near future at least. Principal institutional questions facing Russia have to do with how to reduce the country’s overall dependence on raw material exports, with its vulnerability to world market fluctuations, and how to modernize Russian economic and political institutions. The degree of success in addressing these questions will depend largely upon the ability of the new and reformed economic institutions to show the flexibility to respond to changes in the global order, on whether political considerations will continue to supersede economic issues, and how markedly cultural traditions will continue to impede positive changes.,The entire system of international trade is under question, disrupted by the growing nationalism that is threatening the globalization that became institutionalized over decades in the wake of the Second World War. Russia’s future role is partially dependent upon how new patterns of international trade develop in response to the current disruption of established trade regimes, and by how political conflicts are expressed economically. The authors observe that Russia’s historical and cultural traditions, especially acquiescence to a highly centralized government with a strong autocratic leader, limit the country’s options. The authors explore how Russia’s reactions to Western sanctions have led to a new strategic approach, moving away from full engagement in the global economy to selective economic, and sometimes political, alliances with primarily non-Western countries, most notably China. The authors contrast Russia’s situation with that of China, which has been able to make substantial economic progress while still embracing a strong, centralized political institutional structure.,Many Western analysts have viewed Russian institutional evolution very critically through the lens of Western politics and sanctions, while Russia has continued along its own path of economic and institutional development. Each view, the authors argue, is based upon differing cultural perspectives of the roles of business and government. As a result, a distinct difference exists between the Western and Russian perspectives on Russia’s role in the world. This paper presents both points of view and explores the future of Russia’s position in the world economy based upon its evolving strategy for national economic policy. The authors contrast the situations of Russia and China, highlighting how Western-centric cultural views have affected perceptions of each country, sometimes similarly and at times with decided differences.

Will Russia have a role in the changing global economy? Contrasting Western and Russian cultural lenses

Sandelin, Reija Russian immigrant entrepreneurship in Finland: Narratives of eight Russian immigrant entrepreneurs Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2014, 161 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Business and Economics ISSN 1457-1986; 143) ISBN 978-951-39-5594-6 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5595-3 (PDF) The focus for this dissertation was to investigate the narratives of eight Russian immigrant entrepreneurs in Finland. The research objective was to analyze and understand how Russian immigrant entrepreneurs operating in the Finnish business environment manifested their Russian cultures in their actions at the different lifecycle stages of their businesses. Eight Russian immigrant entrepreneurs running their businesses in Finland were interviewed to investigate, with the help of related theories, informants’ Russian cultures at different life-cycle stages. The interview material was analyzed with the help of theory-guided narrative empirical analysis. Thematic cross-case analyses focused on the cultural preferences at various life-cycle stages and business development. The structural analysis concentrated on critical phases in immigrant entrepreneurship and their impact on the cultural preference and business development. The informants were divided into four pairs according to their business aspirations. Business-first entrepreneurs were professional developers. Family-first entrepreneurs were self-employed for family reasons. Money-first entrepreneurs kept looking for possibilities to earn and were serial entrepreneurs. Lifestyle-first entrepreneurs enjoyed their self-employment and were willing to learn and develop. The cultural preference of the money-first entrepreneurs changed from a Russian preference to a Finnish-Russian mix. One lifestyle-first entrepreneur and one family-first entrepreneur moved from Finnish-Russian mixed preference to Finnish preference when their companies grew from birth to growth or maturity. The rest of the informants had Finnish-Russian mixed preferences through the different phases of their business development. Different critical phases made one business-first and money-first entrepreneur react in a Russian way when difficult. Family-first entrepreneurs preferred the Finnish cultural approach in times of crisis. The rest used a Finnish-Russian cultural mix. In general, Russians liked their own masculine and collectivist culture that they expressed also in entrepreneurship. Consequently, the informants balanced between three variants of cultural preferences: Russian, Finnish-Russian, and Finnish. Their situation can be called culturally as trialist. Russian immigrant entrepreneurs are capable of integrating, starting, and developing their companies, and they earn, employ, and in that way support the economy of Finland.

Russian immigrant entrepreneurship in Finland : narratives of eight Russian immigrant entrepreneurs

.................................................................................................................... 18 PART A: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 19 1. Field of Research and Present Study – an Introduction to the Topic ............. 19 1.

Transfer of Human Resource Management Practices within US Multinational Companies

The purpose of this study is to add to the existing research on critical perspectives on diversity management (DM). Specifically, this study examines the narratives of women chief executive officers (CEOs) from different countries of origin to understand how they enact the DM discourse by drawing on their past and present experiences at US multinational corporations (MNCs) located in Mexico.,This study, based on six open-ended interviews with local and expatriate women CEOs who work in MNCs situated in Mexico, used a sensemaking approach to analyze their narratives. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on decolonial feminist theory, which is used to analyze the hierarchical binary between Anglo-Saxon/European woman and the Mexican/Latin American woman with respect to the discourse of DM.,This study found that the dominant discourse used by women CEOs, expats and nationals was a business case for diversity. Female CEOs represent MNCs in favorable terms, compared to those of local companies, despite the nuances in the antagonistic representations in their narratives. This study also found that the women CEOs’ narratives perpetuated a discourse of “otherness” that created a hierarchy between Anglo-Saxons (US/MNCs’ culture) and Latin Americans (Mexican/local companies’ culture).,This study contributes to critical studies on DM by analyzing diverse forms of power involving gender, race/ethnicity and organizational hierarchy. The use of decolonial feminist theory to examine MNCs is a novel approach to understanding women’s identities and the power differences between local/foreign contexts and global/local businesses. This study also discusses the implications of its findings for women in business careers and concludes with a call for more research within the global South (Latin America).

Women CEOs in Mexico: gendered local/global divide and the diversity management discourse

/pdf/top-women-managers-navigating-the-hybrid-gender-order-in-2diygfhk1g.pdf

Top women managers navigating the hybrid gender order in Mexico : subjective resistance between local/global divides

Politics and Power in the Multinational Corporation: National identities in times of organizational globalization: a case study of Russian managers in two Finnish–Russian organizations

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Politics and Power in the Multinational Corporation: National identities in times of organizational globalization: a case study of Russian managers in two Finnish–Russian organizations