Although poly(vinylidene fluoride) is a well-known organic ferroelectric, its utilization in microelectronics has been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining uniform thin films. By exploiting a high-temperature deposition approach, smooth and thin films of the ferroelectric δ-phase polymorph of this material are now obtained, showing their potential for capacitors and non-volatile memories.

/pdf/revisiting-the-delta-phase-of-poly-vinylidene-fluoride-for-3o52692bwy.pdf

Revisiting the delta-phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) for solution-processed ferroelectric thin films

Crystalline polymorphism in poly(vinylidenefluoride) membranes

Ionic liquid modified poly(vinylidene fluoride): crystalline structures, miscibility, and physical properties

Novel anti-static nanofibers based on blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], were fabricated using an electrospinning approach. The effects of the RTIL on the morphology, crystal structure, and physical properties of the PVDF nanofibers were investigated. Incorporation of RTIL leads to an increase in the mean fiber diameter and the rough fiber surface of the PVDF/RTIL composite nanofibers compared with the neat PVDF nanofibers. The PVDF in the PVDF/RTIL nanofibers exhibits an extremely high content (almost 100%) of β crystals, in contrast to the dominance of PVDF γ crystals in bulk melt-blended PVDF/RTIL blends. Nonwoven fabrics produced from the electrospun PVDF/RTIL composite nanofibers show better stretchability and higher electrical conductivity than those made from neat PVDF without RTIL, and are thus excellent antielectrostatic fibrous materials. In addition, RTIL greatly improved the hydroph...

Effect of a room-temperature ionic liquid on the structure and properties of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers.

The dense surface charges expressed by a ferroelectric polymeric thin film induce ion displacement within a polyelectrolyte layer and vice versa This is because the density of dipoles along the surface of the ferroelectric thin film and its polarization switching time matches that of the (Helmholtz) electric double layers formed at the ferroelectric/polyelectrolyte and polyelectrolyte/semiconductor interfaces This combination of materials allows for introducing hysteresis effects in the capacitance of an electric double layer capacitor The latter is advantageously used to control the charge accumulation in the semiconductor channel of an organic field-effect transistor The resulting memory transistors can be written at a gate voltage of around 7 V and read out at a drain voltage as low as 50 mV The technological implication of this large difference between write and read-out voltages lies in the non-destructive reading of this ferroelectric memory

http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:694690/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Ferroelectric polarization induces electric double layer bistability in electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors.

Thin films of ferroelectric β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were spin-coated from a solution that contained small amounts of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate. A remanent polarization of 60 mC/m2 and a quasi-static pyroelectric coefficient of 19 μC/m2K at 30 °C were observed in the films. It is suggested that the IL promotes the formation of the β phase through dipolar interactions between PVDF chain-molecules and the IL. The dipolar interactions are identified as Coulomb attraction between hydrogen atoms in PVDF chains and anions in IL. The strong crystallinity increase is probably caused by the same dipolar interaction as well.

Ionic-liquid-induced ferroelectric polarization in poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films

In this paper, ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films with a thickness of about 430 nm were obtained by spin coating from a solution that contained a small portion of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ((EMIM)(NO 3)). Before the experiments, the PVDF films were dried and thermally annealed. The sub-micrometer films on substrates show clear ferroelectric hysteresis behavior. A remanent polarization of about 60 mC/m 2 was detected by means of two independent methods: Non-linear current-voltage characteristics and time-dependent current response after application of voltage steps. The coercive field decreases from 190 to 165 MV/m when the width of triangular bipolar/unipolar electric-field cycles increases from 3 to 300 ms. Quasi-static pyroelectricity increases from 14 to 18 µC/(m 2 K) between -20 and +40 °C. X-ray diffraction prove that the ionic liquid enhances the crystallinity. The dipolar interaction between anions of the ionic liquid and CH 2 groups in the PVDF chain during spin coating is considered to facilitate the formation of the β β β β phase.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6225466/6232585/06232755.pdf

Ionic liquids induce crystalline β phase and ferroelectric polarization in sub-micrometer films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)

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Ionic-liquid-induced ferroelectric polarization in poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films

Ionic liquids induce crystalline β phase and ferroelectric polarization in sub-micrometer films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)