Introduction The black spacer plate necklaces and bracelets of the Early Bronze Age (Figure 1) are among the most technically accomplished prestige items of this period in Britain and Ireland. There has been much debate over the years as to whether these artefacts and other prehistoric black jewellery and dress accessories are the product of specialist jetworkers based around Whitby in North Yorkshire — Britain’s only significant source of jet. As early as 1916, for example, Callander was arguing that the Scottish finds had been made using locally available materials — cannel coal, shale and lignite — rather than Whitby jet. There has also been much confusion over the identification of these various materials. Flirthermore, the conservation of newly discovered jet and jet-like artefacts can be problematical, and the correct identification of raw material is important in determining the best method of treatment.

/pdf/investigating-jet-and-jet-like-artefacts-from-prehistoric-240neabrut.pdf

Investigating jet and jet-like artefacts from prehistoric Scotland: the National Museums of Scotland project

SUMMARY The evidence for vegetational change during the millennia between the first human settlement and c 3000 be is reviewed. Aspects considered include the extent to which hunter-gatherer activities influenced broad- as opposed to small-scale changes in the palaeofloras of Scotland; the range of interpretatio ns which may be placed upon the presence of charcoal in relation to the intentional use of fire; the potential defects of floristic inference as illustrated by hazel and bog-myrtle pollen; and the spatial, ecological and chronological components of the transition to agriculture. It is stressed throughout that, relative to other possible causal factors, much of the available environmental evidence regarding man's role in landscape change before the widespread adoption of crop husbandry is uncertain.

/pdf/postglacial-hunter-gatherers-and-vegetational-history-in-4gz3utwx9n.pdf

Postglacial hunter-gatherers and vegetational history in Scotland

The distribution and sources of archaeological pitchstone in Britain

The timing of the early Flandrian Corylus rise in southwest Scotland is discussed, with reference to radiocarbon dates from nine sites. These sites cover a range of geomorphological regions and sediment types. The Corylus rise on the mainland of southwest Scotland appears to have occurred with some degree of synchroneity over a wide area at around 9200 to 9300 radiocarbon years before present. However, two dates from the island of Arran in the Firth of Clyde are considerably younger, and the Corylus rise on Arran appears to have occurred approximately half a millenium later than on the surrounding mainland. This is explicable in terms of the relative isolation of Arran from the mainland; the surrounding deep-water troughs effectively halted the migration of Corylus. The later, apparently 'normal' Corylus rise on Arran may relate to Mesolithic human activity. A similar, but shorter interval separates the date of the late Corylus rise on the island of Mull from that of the Corylus rise on the surrounding mainland.

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00835.x

Patterns in the geographical distribution of the early flandrian corylus rise in southwest scotland

The excavations of the cemetery groups at Balneaves, Loanleven and Park of Tongland facilitate an examination of many aspects of Bronze Age burial practices in Scotland. They are notable as much for the differences in burial ritual they imply as for the very narrow chronological period in which they were used. The three sites produced a total of seventeen 14C dates, two of which are aberrant, with means of the remaining fifteen falling within a period of 250 years (3370–3610 bp in radiocarbon years). The excavations were sponsored by Historic Scotland (formerly Historic Buildings and Monuments, Scotland). At Balneaves, a penannular ditch enclosed sixteen features, including a group of seven pits with cremation burials, four of which were associated with a distinctive assemblage of collared urns. The cremated bone was well preserved. At least one large standing stone had been erected on the site, and this was buried in the medieval period. At Loanleven, only a segment of the enclosing ring-ditch survived, within which were four cists, two containing inhumations and two cremations, one of the latter (Cist 2) associated with a fragment of a food vessel. A decorated slab, in so-called ‘Passage Grave Style’, was recovered from Cist 1, and the same cist produced palynological evidence for grave furnishings in the form of a mat of plant material which probably underlay the body. 14C dates give a terminus ante quem of 3620±50 bp (GU–2543) for the re-use of the decorated slab, and a terminus post quem of 3410±50 bp (GU–2542) for the food vessel grave. Park of Tongland, regarded as a Four-Poster stone circle, was excavated after the fall of a standing stone. It was shown to be of multi-period construction, consisting of a cairn which overlay seven pits containing fragmentary cremation burials, two associated with collared urns. The standing stones may not all have been erect at the same time. A series of 14C dates fell within the range of 1480–1530 bc.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0079497X00004205

Excavations at Three Early Bronze Age Burial Monuments in Scotland

The Mesolithic Period in South-West Scotland: A Review of the Evidence

A Bronze Age Burial Site near South Mound, Houston, Renfrewshire

Cist burials and food vessels—some recent discoveries and rediscoveries in western scotland

G D Hay and G P Stell, Monuments of Industry, 248 + xii pp, numerous plates and figures, RCAHMS, HMSO, Edinburgh, 1986, £28.

Between and Beyond the Walls: Essays on the Prehistory and History of North Britain in Honour of George Jobey. Edited by Roger Miket and Colin Burgess. 424 + xii pp., John Donald Ltd., Edinburgh, 1984, £25.

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