Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review

The wavelength range around 2 μm which is covered by the laser systems described in this chapter is part of the so called “eye safe” wavelength region which begins at about 1.4 μm. Laser systems that operate in this region offer exceptional advantages for free space applications compared to conventional systems that operate at shorter wavelengths. This gives them a great market potential for the use in LIDAR and gas sensing systems and for direct optical communication applications. The favourable absorption in water makes such lasers also very useful for medical applications. As it can be seen in figure 1, there is a strong absorption peak near 2 μm which reduces the penetration depth of this wavelength in tissue to a few hundred μm.

/pdf/2-um-laser-sources-and-their-possible-applications-1d92yqfuna.pdf

2 µm Laser Sources and Their Possible Applications

Magnesium Oxide (MgO).- Zincblende Magnesium Sulphide (?-MgS).- Zincblende Magnesium Selenide (?-MgSe).- Zincblende Magnesium Telluride (?-MgTe).- Zinc Oxide (ZnO).- Wurtzite Zinc Sulphide (?-ZnS).- Cubic Zinc Sulphide (?-ZnS).- Zinc Selenide (ZnSe).- Zinc Telluride (ZnTe).- Cubic Cadmium Sulphide (c-CdS).- Wurtzite Cadmium Sulphide (w-CdS).- Cubic Cadmium Selenide (c-CdSe).- Wurtzite Cadmium Selenide (w-CdSe).- Cadmium Telluride (CdTe).- Cubic Mercury Sulphide (?-HgS).- Mercury Selenide (HgSe).- Mercury Telluride (HgTe).

Handbook on physical properties of semiconductors

A review of Tm and Ho materials is presented, covering some fundamental aspects on the spectroscopy and laser dynamics in both single and co-doped systems. Following an introduction to 2-μm lasers, applications and historical development, the physics of quasi-four level lasers, energy transfer and modeling are discussed in some detail. Recent developments in using Tm lasers to pump Ho lasers are discussed, and seen to offer some advantages over conventional Tm:Ho lasers. This article is not intended as a complete review, but as a primer for introducing concepts and a resource for further study.

/pdf/review-of-tm-and-ho-materials-spectroscopy-and-lasers-2bks5lfd8q.pdf

Review of Tm and Ho materials; spectroscopy and lasers

Tunable middle infrared downconversion in GaSe and AgGaS2

To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a 2-μm, Ho:YLF laser source based on a mode-locked oscillator/regenerative amplifier combination and a subsequent single-pass amplifier stage to produce picosecond pulse trains at 1-10 kHz rate with up to ~11 mJ of pulse energy. Further pulse energy scaling can be achieved through addition of single-pass amplifier(s). Availability of 2-μm, kHz-rate lasers providing 10-100-mJ, picosecond-scale pulses is critical for the development of short-pulse mid-IR nonlinear optical devices, in general, and for construction of femtosecond OPCPAs for high-harmonic generation and terahertz generation, in particular.

High-energy, kHz-rate, picosecond, 2-μm laser pump source for mid-IR nonlinear optical devices

We report an efficient, TEM00, Tm:fiber-laser-pumped, Ho:YLF laser producing 43 W cw power and 45 mJ of pulse energy in the Q-switched regime, the highest values yet reported for this material.

High-power, high-energy Ho:YLF laser pumped with Tm:fiber laser

Efficient room temperature LiF:F2+** color center laser tunable in 820–1210 nm range

We report on a broadly tunable (1905 - 2067 nm) diode-pumped Tm: YLF laser producing cw output powers of >18 W (37% slope efficiency) in multimode operation and 12 W in the TEM00 mode.

A CW side-pumped Tm:YLF laser

Improved fourth harmonic generation in β-BaB2O4 by tight elliptical focusing perpendicular to walk-off plane

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