Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.

Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications.

Next-generation data filtering in the genomics era

As global food security faces challenges, enhancing crop yield and stress resistance becomes imperative. This study comprehensively explores the impact of nanomaterials (NMs) on Gramineae plants, with a focus on the effects of various types of nanoparticles, such as iron-based, titanium-containing, zinc, and copper nanoparticles, on plant photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. We found that the effects of nanoparticles largely depend on their chemical properties, particle size, concentration, and the species and developmental stage of the plant. Under appropriate conditions, specific NMs can promote the root development of Gramineae plants, enhance photosynthesis, and increase chlorophyll content. Notably, iron-based and titanium-containing nanoparticles show significant effects in promoting chlorophyll synthesis and plant growth. However, the impact of nanoparticles on oxidative stress is complex. Under certain conditions, nanoparticles can enhance plants’ antioxidant enzyme activity, improving their ability to withstand environmental stresses; excessive or inappropriate NMs may cause oxidative stress, affecting plant growth and development. Copper nanoparticles, in particular, exhibit this dual nature, being beneficial at low concentrations but potentially harmful at high concentrations. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future development of nanofertilizers aimed at precisely targeting Gramineae plants to enhance their antioxidant stress capacity and improve photosynthesis efficiency. We emphasize the importance of balancing the agricultural advantages of nanotechnology with environmental safety in practical applications. Future research should focus on a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanisms between more NMs and plants and explore strategies to reduce potential environmental impacts to ensure the health and sustainability of the ecosystem while enhancing the yield and quality of Gramineae crops.

The Impact of Nanomaterials on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Mechanisms in Gramineae Plants: Research Progress and Future Prospects

Noval bio-organic fertilizer containing Arthrobacter sp. DNS10 alleviates atrazine-induced growth inhibition on soybean by improving atrazine removal and nitrogen accumulation.

Induced mutation in ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 abolishes anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of pepper

Jute is an important natural fibre crop which provides most of the global bast fibre production annually. However, little progress has been made regarding its genomic diversity, historical population dynamics, origins, and improvement. In this study, we re-sequenced 150 accessions of white jute from 9 countries, further studied the genetic diversity, population dynamics, and improvement, and obtained a total of 3269,808 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 1179,601 insertions/deletions(InDels). Based on these markers, 150 accessions were classified into 2 clades: landraces and modern cultivars. Notably, the modern cultivars were partly classified into two offspring groups: one group developed from “D154,” an important Indian variety, and another from “Xin Xuan 1 hao,” a Chinese cultivar. The genetic diversity (π) was estimated for landrace and cultivars at 0.334 × 10−3 and 0.279 × 10−3, which was considerably lower than that for Corchorus olitorius, suggesting that C. capsularis is subject to a stronger breeding selection during improvement than C. olitorius. A total of 12 candidate genes related to improvement were identified by analyzing π and fixation index(FST). Three of the 12 genes may be involved in the methylation and demethylation processes, which can be integrated into an environmentally sensitive molecular engine that promotes rapid improvement. Analysis of population historical dynamics for C. capsularis showed that the population sizes for landraces and modern cultivars went through 3 bottlenecks. The first bottleneck may be due to climate change whereas the last two may be affected by human activities and war. Our results provide new insights into C. capsularis genome variation, phylogenetic relationships, and improvement, helping understand the genetic basis of crucial agronomic traits and facilitating future molecular breeding for jute. 

Resequencing of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) provides insights into genome diversity, population historical dynamics, and improvement

Insights into the mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis through transcriptome and m6A methylome analysis

Jute (Corchorus sp.) is the most important bast fibre crop worldwide; however, the mechanisms underlying domestication and improvement remain large unknown. We performed multi-omics analysis by integrating de novo sequencing, resequencing, and transcriptomic and epigenetic sequencing, to clarify the domestication and improvement of dark jute C. olitorius. We demonstrated that dark jute underwent early domestication and a relatively moderate genetic bottleneck during improvement breeding. A genome-wide association study of 11 important agronomic traits identified abundant candidate loci. We characterized the selective sweeps in the two breeding stages of jute, prominently, soil salinity differences played an important role in environmental adaptation during domestication, and the strongly selected genes for improvement had an increased frequency of favorable haplotypes. Furthermore, we speculated that an encoding auxin/indole-3-acetic acid protein COS07g_00652 could enhance the flexibility and strength of the stem to improve fibre yield. Our study not only provides valuable genetic resources for future fiber breeding in jute but also is of great significance for reviewing the genetic basis of early crop breeding.

Multi-omics provides new insights into the domestication and improvement of dark jute (Corchorus olitorius).

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Resequencing of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) provides insights into genome diversity, population historical dynamics, and improvement

Insights into the mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis through transcriptome and m6A methylome analysis

Multi-omics provides new insights into the domestication and improvement of dark jute (Corchorus olitorius).