Our study aimed at providing a comprehensive list of Aphididae alien to Europe. A total of 98 species originating from other continents have established so far in Europe, to which we add 4 cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). Th e 102 alien species of Aphididae established in Europe belong to 12 diff erent subfamilies, fi ve of them contributing by more than 5 species to the alien fauna. Most alien aphids originate from temperate regions of the world. Th ere was no signifi cant variation in the geographic origin of the alien aphids over time. Th e average introduction rate was 0.5 species per year since 1800. Th e mean number of newly recorded species per year decreased since 2000 but this pattern may change in the following years.

https://biorisk.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=1858

Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2

Molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple gains or losses of ant mutualism within the aphid genus Chaitophorus

Mutualisms are mutually beneficial interactions between species and are fundamentally important at all levels of biological organization. It is not clear, however, why one species participates in a particular mutualism whereas another does not. Here we show that pre-existing traits can dispose particular species to evolve a mutualistic interaction. Combining morphological, ecological, and behavioral data in a comparative analysis, we show that resource use in Chaitophorus aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) modulates the origin of their mutualism with ants. We demonstrate that aphid species that feed on deeper phloem elements have longer mouthparts, that this inhibits their ability to withdraw their mouthparts and escape predators and that, consequently, this increases their need for protection by mutualist ants.

/pdf/the-origin-of-a-mutualism-a-morphological-trait-promoting-4oscn9041i.pdf

The origin of a mutualism: a morphological trait promoting the evolution of ant-aphid mutualisms

Chaitophorinae aphids are widespread across Eurasia and North America, and include some important agricultural and horticultural pests. So, accurate rapid species identification is very important. Here, we used three mitochondrial genes and one endosymbiont gene to calculate and analyze the genetic distances within different datasets. For species delimitation, two distance-based methods were employed, threshold with NJ (neighbor-joining) and ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery), and two tree-based approaches, GMYC (General Mixed Yule Coalescent) and PTP (Poisson Tree Process). The genetic interspecific divergence was clearly larger than the intraspecific divergence for four molecular markers. COI and COII genes were found to be more suitable for Chaitophorinae DNA barcoding. For species delimitation, at least one distance-based method combined with one tree-based method would be preferable. Based on the data for Chaitophorus saliniger and Laingia psammae, DNA barcoding may also reveal geographical variation.

https://zookeys.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=11440

DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

This paper deals with the aphid fauna complex of the two administrative regions of Tuscany and Emilia Romagna (N.C. Italy) where a total of 442 taxa of specific and sub-specific rank are registered of which 385 taxa belong to Tuscany and 326 to Emilia Romagna. Furthermore, additional notes are provided on a few species which have not yet been recorded or are practically unheard of in Italy. A short chorological comment on the species complex is also added.

https://journals-crea.4science.it/index.php/redia/article/download/652/589

An annotated checklist of aphids surveyed in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Emilia Romagna

The degree of fusion of abdominal tergites, ratio of the length of hairs on ant. joint III to basal diameter of that joint, and their number on its outerside and innerside were used as principal distinguishing characters in the present revision of Palaearctic species of the genus ChaitophorusKOCH, 1854. The shape and length of the last rostral joint and the number of subsidiary hairs growing on it were also taken into account. Flattened empodial hairs on tarsal joint II were found in several species. The revision includes descriptions of 58 species and subspecies, 14 of them new.

Taxonomic revision of the species of genus Chaitophorus KOCH in Palaearctis (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)

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Taxonomic revision of the species of genus Chaitophorus KOCH in Palaearctis (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)