Dielectric-barrier discharges (silent discharges) are used on a large industrial scale. They combine the advantages of non-equilibrium plasma properties with the ease of atmospheric-pressure operation. A prominent feature is the simple scalability from small laboratory reactors to large industrial installations with megawatt input powers. Efficient and cost-effective all-solid-state power supplies are available. The preferred frequency range lies between 1 kHz and 10 MHz, the preferred pressure range between 10 kPa and 500 kPa. Industrial applications include ozone generation, pollution control, surface treatment, high power CO2 lasers, ultraviolet excimer lamps, excimer based mercury-free fluorescent lamps, and flat large-area plasma displays. Depending on the application and the operating conditions the discharge can have pronounced filamentary structure or fairly diffuse appearance. History, discharge physics, and plasma chemistry of dielectric-barrier discharges and their applications are discussed in detail.

https://www3.nd.edu/~sst/teaching/AME60637/reading/2003_PCPP_Kogelschatz_dbd_review.pdf

Dielectric-barrier Discharges: Their History, Discharge Physics, and Industrial Applications

Hydrogen Production by Molecular Photocatalysis

Cyclodextrins are frequently used as building blocks, because they can be linked both covalently and noncovalently with specificity. Thus one, two, three, seven, fourteen, eighteen, or twenty substituents have been linked to one β-cyclodextrin molecule in a regioselective manner. Furthermore, Cyclodextrins may serve as organic host molecules. Their internal cavity is able to accommodate one or two guest molecules. Conversely, suitable guest molecules can be used to thread one, two, or many (one hundred or more) cyclodextrin rings. The resulting supramolecular structures are often formed in solution, which allows characterization by high-resolution spectroscopic methods. Chemical conversion of these structures provides molecular architectures such as catenanes, rotaxanes, polyrotaxanes, and tubes, which are not readily prepared by other methods. The particular properties of Cyclodextrins can also be employed, for example, for the chromatographic separation of complex mixtures of substances, even racemates, by molecular recognition. Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been found to be remarkably active catalysts as well. Finally, since Cyclodextrins can favorably influence the release of drugs, many new applications will certainly be developed in the near future.

Cyclodextrins as Building Blocks for Supramolecular Structures and Functional Units

Polymer surface modification by plasmas and photons

Laser ablation in liquids : Applications in the synthesis of nanocrystals

Conductive Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films have recently attracted much interest from the viewpoint of ultrathin film conductors at the molecular level. We have reported that the structure of the TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) column in the LB film of N-docosylpyridinium 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane is changed by the variation of the subphase temperature

Photochemical switching in conductive Langmuir-Blodgett films

The surface chemical modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐ co‐hexafluoropropylene) films was carried out in hydrazine gas photolyzed with ArF excimer laser irradiation. The contact angle of the modified surfaces with water changed from 130° to 30° due to the reaction with hydrazine. Nitrogen on the surface was detected with x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, suggesting that amino groups were introduced onto the surface. In addition, on the basis of hydrophilic behavior, we succeeded in selective‐area electroless plating of nickel metal on the chemically modified surface.

Surface modification and metallization of fluorocarbon polymers by excimer laser processing

Photoisomerization of the azobenzenes included in Langmuir-Blodgett films of cyclodextrins☆

Micromachining of transparent materials with super-heated liquid generated by multiphotonic absorption of organic molecule

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To show the application field of nanometer bubbles the existence of which is elucidated and the production method of which is established by the present inventors by determining the theoretically predicted characteristics of the nanometer bubbles, discovering the new characteristics of the bubbles by analyzing data obtained by experiments, and elucidating the mutual relationships of the characteristics. SOLUTION: The existence of characteristics such as a surface activity effect, a sterilization effect, etc., by the realization of the decrease of buoyancy, the increase of a surface area, the generation of a local high pressure field, and electrostatic polarization in the nanometer bubbles is elucidated. By the mutual relationship of the characteristics, various objects can be washed with a high function and a low environmental load by a fouling component adsorption function, an object surface high speed washing function, and a sterilization function, and dirty water can be cleaned. The nanometer bubbles can be used for recovery from fatigue etc. by applying a person, and effectively used in a chemical reaction. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Method and apparatus for using nanometer-bubble

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