Aki Murashima

TL;DR: The authors describe the current understanding of the regulation of masculinization, which involves androgen-dependent signals and downstream events that are crucial for not only developmental processes but also processes of diseases such as hypospadias and prostate cancer.

TL;DR: This review focuses on mouse models that display abnormalities of the Wolffian duct and mesonephric development, the importance of these mouse models toward understanding male reproductive tract development, and how these models contribute to the understanding of clinical abnormalities in humans such as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).

TL;DR: The essential role of midline-derived Shh in local tissue morphogenesis and differentiation is demonstrated and lineage analysis of hedgehog (Hh)-responsive cells, and analysis of gene expression in Shh KO embryos suggested that Shh regulated nephrogenic gene expression indirectly, possibly through effects on the paraxial mesoderm.

TL;DR: Sexual dimorphism in mouse reproductive tissues is observable in adult, post-natal, and embryonic stages and the interaction of hormones and growth factors can be examined further through a variety of techniques available for researchers.