Sugarcane is a perennial, tropical monocotyledonous crop which is cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world primarily for its ability to store high concentrations of sugar in the inter-nodes of the stem and propagated through stem cuttings. Sugarcane cultivation spans a wide region located between 35 0 N to 35 0 S of the equator. The agro-climatic conditions under which sugarcane grow, affect the duration and the productivity of the crop. The tropical climates permit longer periods of crop growth which result in higher cane yields, but not necessarily the highest sugar content in the cane. The climatic conditions of the production environment determine the kind of genetic material which would adapt to such conditions. The varietal requirements and breeding objectives differ according to the agro-climatic region. Sugarcane is an important cash crop of world as well as India. Sugar industry being the second largest agrobased processing industry after textile, contributes 2.0% of the gross domestic product in India. Sugarcane is grown under diverse conditions in india, nearly comparable to those in the rest of the world. The area under sugarcane in india is divided into five agro-climatic zones,each of which has a separate breeding programme. Thus present investigation was conducted in sugarcane to eastimat the variability, heritability and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 1272-1278 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Estimation of the Extent of Variability for Different Morphological and Juice Quality Characters Among Early Generation Sugarcane Clones

A study on variability, correlation , path coefficient, genetic divergence, stability and ICUMSA in sugarcane (Sachharum spp.) with 21 genotypes for 15 yield and its components in six environments revealed highly significant genotypic differences for all the characters indicating considerable amount of genetic variability among the genotypes under study. Significantly highest cane and sugar yield (kg/plot) was recorded by 98 N 420 followed by 98 N 810 and CoSi 95071. Number of tillers and single cane weight exhibited high heritability with high genetic advance whereas CCS %, fiber % and CCS kg/plot displayed high heritability with moderate genetic advance. But cane yield kg/plot, juice brix, sucrose % juice and juice purity % showed high heritability coupled with low genetic advance. Pooled analysis for genotypic correlation coefficient exhibited strong positive correlation of cane yield with numbers of internodes/stalk, CCS kg/plot, single cane weight, juice brix, sucrose % juice , juice purity % and CCS %. Path analysis revealed that though sucrose % juice and CCS % possessed negative genotypic correlation with cane yield but had maximum direct positive effect on it via juice purity %, juice brix and CCS kg/plot. Genetic divergence study showed generalized distance (D) between two populations varied from 14.043 to 43.592 indicating sufficient diversity in the experimental material for 15 characters under study. Clustering pattern indicated no relationship between geographical diversity and genetic divergence. Clusters II and VI had the highest inter cluster distance followed by clusters II and cluster V. The phenotypic analysis following Eberhart and Russell approach indicated significant differences for genotypes, environments and G X E components for all the 15 characters which satisfied the requirement of stability analysis. The significant environment (linear) component for all the characters indicated the influence of environments on the expression of the traits. For cane yield genotypes 98 N 420, CoSi 95071 and CoLk 8001 exhibited above average stability indicating their suitability to poor environments. While genotypes Co 86032, Co 86249, CoN 96132 and 98 N 810 exhibited below average stability expressing their requirements of favourable environments for better performance. Genotypes Co 86032, CoN 96132, 98 N 420, 98 N 810 and CoLk 8001 were observed average stable for sugar yield i.e. CCS kg/plot. Recording low ICUMSA Units of juice, genotypes CoN 95132, Co 93008 and Co Pant 84211 indicated their suitability for the production of good quality colorless crystal sugar at low processing cost. ICUMSA analysis after 24 hours if harvest revealed increase in IU in all the 21 genotypes, hence delay in crushing should be avoided. Based on experimental findings it can be suggested that material should be evaluated in multi-locational trials to identify suitable genotypes for South Gujarat to increase sustain sugarcane production to fullfil the need of sugar industry.

variability, Correlation, Path Analysis, Genetic Divergenc and Stability Analysis in Sugarcane (Saccharum Spp.)

Sugarcane is grown extensively in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India and plays a pivotal role in both agricultural and industrial economy of the country. In India, area under sugarcane hovers around 5.0 million hectares, which is around 3% of the gross cultivable area in India with an annual production of 366.80 million tonnes and productivity of 63.7 tonnes per hectare. The sugarcane productivity remained low, primarily due to the cultivation International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

/pdf/influence-of-sodium-chloride-induce-salinity-on-growth-yield-43klka82n8.pdf

Influence of Sodium Chloride Induce Salinity on Growth, Yield and Juice Quality of Promising Sugarcane Genotypes


 Surveillance in deep water wells is cost prohibitive. There is a need for significant hydrocarbon production or water shutoff incentive to justify the intervention in such wells. The wells straddle multiple stacks of soft sediment reservoirs, being completed with open hole gravel pack. While laterally extensive barriers between various sands units might help the water shutoff / containment, the gravel pack annulus still provides a conduit for water to move upwards and jeopardize the shutoff success. In this campaign a meltable alloy was deployed to plug the flow in both annulus and screens.
 In deep water subsea wells, water conformance control is often attempted blindly without flow diagnostic surveillance or production logs as a minimum. This can impact the production due to plugging substantial hydrocarbon production or inadequate flow from the remaining zones. Candidate wells or techniques for shut-off require robust diagnostics to improve the success rate and limit loss of oil or gas production.
 In a recent well work campaign production logs were acquired to optimize the water shut-off. Well access is challenged by limited rigup height (short lubricator) and well deviation. The well trajectory impacts the phase presence, mixing and recirculation. It requires a short array of sensors conveyed on tractor. Logging while tractoring capabilities in surface readout mode is required to minimize the rig time, improve depth control and perform real time data quality assurance.
 The multiple mini-spinners, electrical and optical probes are all positioned to the well's vertical axis to capture all local changes in the flow regimes. Sensor arrangement is sufficiently compact in this tool to minimize flow disturbance by tool occupancy and movement along the well. Real-time profiling of the complex flow regimes during the acquisition provided better log control and understanding of the downhole phase dynamics.
 Changing the mindset about subsea deep-water reservoir surveillance paid dividends in water shutoff operations, both for immediate decision make and for longer term well and reservoir performance management. There was a net benefit by deploying a compact axial array production logging string that allowed accurate rate and phase allocation and further identification of zones to be isolated using an innovative plug-back method that significantly reduced the water production.

Robust Diagnostics Optimize Decisions on Innovative Deepwater Gravel-Pack Interventions for Water Conformance

Sugarcane is an important crop in the country economically, politically and sociologically. Its botanical name is Saccharum spp. complex and belongs to the family Poaceae. Sugar industry is the second largest agro industry next to textile and is a source of food, fuel, fodders and fibre. It is a tropical crop and is the major source of sucrose. Sugar is still the most preferred sweetener and the most widely used calorific food.

Genetic diversity among sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex) genotypes.

Sixteen sugarcane varieties of early and midlate maturity group were taken to study variability for morphological as well as quality characters under saline condition. Morphological characters like germination percent, numberofshoots, number of millable canes, single cane weight, cane height and cane yield showed moderate to high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance. Therefore, these characters should be given due importance while selecting sugarcane varieties forsaline tolerance. The cane diameter and quality traits recorded comparatively lower estimates of the genetic parameters.

Variability in sugarcane under saline condition


 Objectives/Scope: XYZ is one of the marginal fields of Mumbai Offshore Basin located in western continental shelf of India. Wells in this field were put on ESP for increasing the production. Regular production profiling with traditional production logging was done in these wells to ascertain the water producing zones if any and do the subsequent well intervention if required.
 Methods, Procedures, Process: In few deviated wells with low reservoir pressure, low flow rates and large casing size, massive recirculation was observed due to which spinner readings were highly affected. In such scenarios, quantitative interpretation with conventional production logging is highly difficult. Only qualitative interpretation based on temperature and holdup measurements can be made which might not completely fulfill the objective. In one of the deviated wells, massive recirculation was observed due to large casing size. Recirculation on ESP wells is generally not expected due to high energy pressure drawdown exerted on the well. Traditional production logging imposed difficulty in interpretation due to recirculation. Only qualitative interpretation was made from temperature and holdup measurements. Hence advanced production logging tool called Flow Scan Imager (FSI*) with 5 minispinners, 6 sets of electrical and optical probes, designed for highly deviated and horizontal wells to delineate flow affected due to well trajectory, was suggested for quantitative interpretation in such wells suffering with recirculation.
 Results, Observations, Conclusions: In the next well, production profiling was to be done before ESP installation in similar completion as the last well. Therefore, huge recirculation phenomenon was expected in the well. FSI was proposed in this deviated well with recirculation for production profiling and also for finding out the complex flow regime inside the wellbore. FSI helped in proper visualization of the downhole flow regime with the help of multispinners and probes. Quantitative interpretation was made with the help of FSI data. Also, quantification was confirmed inside the tubing (lesser cross section area) where no recirculation is expected as the mini spinner does not collapse inside the wellbore. In traditional production logging, it is generally not possible due to the collapsing of full bore spinners inside tubing. Better understanding of the flow regime can be obtained with FSI than conventional production logging due to the presence of multiple sensors. Later interventions using FSI results have shown significant oil gains.
 Novel/Additive Information: FSI was used in deviated ESP wells with recirculation for production profiling, accurate quantification, better understanding of flow regimes and to take improved well intervention decisions.

Accurate Production Profiling in Deviated ESP Wells Affected with Recirculation with Advanced Production LoggingTool


 Drilling is carried out in the very early stage of the well and it is critical for ensuring smooth execution of every aspect of well construction such as faster drilling, better hole cleaning, superior logging, running casing efficiently, maintaining wellbore integrity and achieving economic production. This paper will demonstrate the significance of best drilling practices to achieve good wellbore geometry, which has a profound effect on total well construction and production time and cost and sometimes even determine the success of the well.
 Poor wellbore geometry, because of improper choice of drilling system i.e. mud motor or rotatory steerable, is generally related to the washed out and/or spiraled wellbore. Washed out hole is recognized by using calipers, however, the hole spiraling is difficult to detect at the early stage of the well. In spiraled holes, it becomes virtually impossible to get a good cementing job done. The poor cementing conditions behind the casing are identified using ultra-sonic images or high amplitudes values of CBL/VDL. These channels behind casing are, a clear threat to production and life cycle of the well. It is widely assumed that the squeeze jobs are an option to improve cement behind casing, however, it does not hold true in case of a spiral borehole. This paper compares the wells, drilled with different drilling system and their impact on the wellbore geometry. It also exhibits the aftermath effects on wellbore construction, well integrity and production.

Impact of Drilling Practices on Well Integrity and Production: An Analysis and Assessment


 The productive life of a well can be affected by deterioration of the well integrity which can be due to casing/tubing corrosion, casing damage during drilling/ work over, packer failure, plug failures, cement integrity issues etc.
 Remedial measures can be executed if the nature of problem is diagnosed. One can receive early warning of a potential problem and obtain data for determining a specific restoration program by running well integrity diagnostic tools. There are various well integrity tools available to cater evaluation needs at present times with different working principles and targeting different well integrity problems such as casing/tubing and cement integrity. However, in challenging situation and complex environments, the tools may not provide complete diagnostics.
 Production logging can be an effective tool in such scenarios by mapping the flow behaviour in the wellbore and can provide a better idea of the wellbore problems.
 The well "A" is a development well which was drilled (max angle~ 27º) and completed in the interval X345-X349m and X362-X368m to exploit gas from the reservoir ABC. During initial testing it produced @ 1, 67,000 m3/d with FTHP of 2348psi. Later after acid job rate increased to 2,20,000 m3/d but later well had frequent water loading problem and required frequent activation / stimulation. The well has good reservoir zones as identified on the OH logs, hence, to diagnose the reason for water production, PLT was planned in the well in 2015. The well was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas at an FTHP of 1181psi during that time. Annulus pressure build-up was also observed in the well suggesting integrity issue with packer/tubing.
 During the PL run, it was observed that the packer has fallen and settled across one the perforation and the flow was observed to be ongoing from inside as well as outside the packer element making the flow interpretation tricky.
 A proper interpretation was carried out taking into consideration all available data and water entry point was confirmed. Based on the results, a well intervention was carried out and after the job, well started producing 1,50,000 m3/d of gas with 0% water cut whereas before it was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas with 1900 BPD of water. Thus, the intervention resulted in production enhancement by 50% and reduction in water cut by 100%.
 This paper highlights the proper analysis of the recorded data for diagnosis of the flow condition in an adverse and complex scenario and finding out the water entry point for a proper remediation of the well integrity and production issue.

A Curious Case of Addressing Well Integrity Issue with Production Logging

Introduction: The Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) located on chromosome 11q13 is a positive regulator of the cell cycle. It encodes a nuclear protein that plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of human cancers.
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate numerical aberration of Cyclin D1 gene by using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).
Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor section obtained from histological confirmed 50 OSCC patients from Department of Oncology, ENT and Pathology, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. The FISH technique was used to detect the numerical aberrations of Cyclin D1 using the Vysis protocol.
Results: The CCND1 numerical aberration was found positive in 18(36.0%) of 50 patients of OSCCs. Low level amplification was found in 9(11.3%), Cluster amplification 6(7.5%), polysomy 2(2.5%) and deletion of Cyclin D1 1(1.3%) respectively. There was not statistically significant association of histopathological differentiation, site of carcinoma, lymph node metastasis with gender. A significant association (P=0.004) was present between stage of carcinoma and types of numerical aberration of Cyclin D1 gene. Cyclin D1 aberration showed a significant association with lymph node metastasis (P=0.038). We have found no significant association between risk factors (tabacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption) to aberration of Cyclin D1 gene.
Conclusions: Analysis of the CCND1 numerical aberration using FISH on paraffin embedded tumor section may be a useful and practical method for predicting aggressive tumors, recurrence and clinical outcome in patients with OSCCs.

Keywords: Amplification, Cyclin D1, FISH, Numerical Aberration.

https://www.ijashnb.org/journal-article-file/12402

A study to detect numerical aberrations of cyclin D1 gene using Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique among patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma

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