Medicinal plants (MPs) used by traditional healers (THs) were investigated in Megera and adjacent subdistricts (kebeles) of Dalle District, Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to identify and record MPs and their traditional uses in the treatment of various human ailments with emphasis on malignancies and other most frequently reported diseases. Traditional medicinal knowledge held by 20 THs was investigated following standard ethnobotanical approaches. Guided field walk, free listing, rigorous individual interviews with extended discussions, and local market surveys were employed to obtain information. Preference rankings, paired comparisons, use value (UV) index, frequency of citation (FC), fidelity level (FL), and informant consensus factor (ICF) matrices were engaged to identify MPs used to treat malignancies and the other most prevalent human ailments. Seventy-one MP species belonging to 63 genera and 46 families, used to treat 39 human ailments, were recorded. A high proportion of the species recovered was shrubs (35.2%); while 64.7% were retrieved from the wild habitat. Leaves were the main part of the MPs used (42.9%), followed by fruits/seeds (13%); all preparations were made from fresh materials and about 27.9% involved boiling. The frequent route of delivery was oral (77.9%), followed by dermal (17.6%). About 40.8% of the MPs were used for treating two or more ailments. About 19.7% of the MPs were used to treat malignancies (ICF = 0.86) among which the plant species Sideroxylon oxyacanthum was the most frequently used (FL = 70%). The species Podocarpus falcatus and Hagenia abyssinica were preferred to treat jaundice and deworm in helminthiases, respectively. The study area is very rich in plant biodiversity, and the herbal medicine is an integral part of the traditional healthcare system. The MPs are exposed to various destructive anthropogenic activities, and this situation calls for integrated conservation measures. Furthermore, the rich ethnomedicinal knowledge held by the Sidama community at large and TM practitioners, in particular, needs an in-depth study and documentation. Investigations of the MPs with high ICF, FL, and UVs to malignancies, jaundice, and helminthiases could possibly contribute to future drug development efforts.

/pdf/medicinal-plants-used-by-traditional-healers-to-treat-18czqwqirt.pdf

Medicinal plants used by traditional healers to treat malignancies and other human ailments in Dalle District, Sidama Zone, Ethiopia

Performance analysis of a solar dryer integrated with the packed bed thermal energy storage (TES) system

Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak.

The deformation and failure behaviour of coal–rock combined body under uniaxial compression were investigated experimentally and numerically. The mechanical parameters, including the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus and full-scale stress–strain curves, were obtained. A detailed analysis of the evolution of the internal cracks based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) observations and acoustic emission (AE) locations is presented. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties and deformation failure characteristics of the coal–rock combined body were governed mainly by the coal. The UCS and elastic modulus of the coal–rock combined body were slightly larger than those of the coal and most of the cracks occurring in the coal were a result of the uniaxial compression. Furthermore, a numerical simulation was conducted to validate the experimental evidence. Finally, based on this understanding, a constitutive relationship was proposed using the natural strain described in Hooke’s law for accurate modelling of the deformation of the coal–rock body. A good agreement was obtained between the numerical results and experimental data during the pre-peak regime.

Deformation failure characteristics of coal–rock combined body under uniaxial compression: experimental and numerical investigations

Strength, deformability and X-ray micro-CT observations of transversely isotropic composite rock under different confining pressures

Rocks encountered at many underground construction sites are laminated and exhibit direction-dependent strength behavior. It is also a well-established fact that the strength varies in a nonlinear manner with confining pressure. There is a need of strength criterion which could capture the nonlinearity as well as the anisotropy in the triaxial strength behavior of the rocks. It is essential that the criterion should be simple and must involve minimum testing to the extent possible. Further, the parameters of the criterion should have wide acceptability among the geotechnical fraternity. In the present study, a nonlinear strength criterion for transversely isotropic rocks is presented. Critical state concept Barton (Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci Geomech Abstr 13(9):255–279, 1976) has been used to define the curvature of the criterion. With a correctly defined curvature and starting from a reference point (UCS), it is possible to accurately assess the triaxial strength for given confining pressure. An experimental study conducted on triaxial strength behavior of three types of anisotropic rocks namely phyllite, slate and orthoquartzite has been discussed. A data base comprising more than 1140 triaxial tests conducted worldwide on anisotropic rocks has been compiled. Statistical evaluation of goodness of fit of the proposed criterion to the data base has been carried out. Further, the predictive capabilities of the proposed criterion have been evaluated by determining the error in estimation of triaxial strength if only few triaxial test data are available for determining the criterion parameters. The data base has also been back analyzed to assess the critical confining pressure for anisotropic rocks. Statistically, the critical confining pressure for anisotropic rocks can be taken nearly equal to 1.25 times the maximum UCS (obtained by applying load either parallel or perpendicular to planes of anisotropy). It is concluded that reasonable estimates of the triaxial strength of anisotropic rock can be made through the proposed criterion using minimum amount of triaxial test data available.

A nonlinear criterion for triaxial strength of inherently anisotropic rocks

Organic manures a convincing source for quality production of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

/pdf/drying-kinetics-and-activation-energy-of-asparagus-root-2u6xtjrrly.pdf

Drying Kinetics and Activation Energy of Asparagus Root (Asparagus racemosus Wild.) for Different Methods of Drying

Functional Properties of the Multilayer NiTi Alloy Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Autotrophs have had an important role in the folklore of ancient cultures. In addition to the use as food and spices, autotrophs have also been utilized as medicines for over 5000 years. It is estimated that 70–95% of the population in developing countries continues to use traditional medicines even today. A new trend, that involved the isolation of plant active compounds, led to the discovery of different active compounds that are derived from plants. Radio- and chemotherapy is routinely used for cancer treatment. In the last decades, plant-derived compounds have been subscribed as medicines with anticancer activity. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The number of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next two decades. Thus, there is a real need of plant-derived compounds as a promising source for new efficient anticancer drugs with reduced side effects. Here we focus on three plants exhibiting anti-cancereous activity, their mode of action, and bioavailability. These include betulinic acid, berberine, and palmatin. Also discussed are commercial considerations and future prospects for development of plant-derived substances with anticancer activity.

Plant-Derived Compounds with Anticancer Properties: From Folklore to Practice

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