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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

Clean and environment-friendly energy harvesting are of prime interest today as it is one of the key enablers in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as accelerates social progress and enhances living standards. India, the second-most populous nation with a population of 1.353 billion, is one of the largest consumers of fossil fuels in the world which is responsible for global warming. An ever-increasing population is projected until 2050, and consequently, the energy demand in the upcoming decades will be co-accelerated by the rapid industrial growth. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) with the support of National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog is working to achieve the Indian Government's target of attaining 175 GW through renewable energy resources. Many Indian states are currently increasing their renewable energy capacity in an objective to meet future energy demand. The review paper discusses in-depth about the three Indian states, namely Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, which pioneers the renewable energy production in India. The global energy scenario was discussed in detail with Indian contrast. Further, the barriers to the development of renewable energy generation and policies of the Indian government are discussed in detail to promote renewable energy generation throughout India as well as globally since the challenges are similar for other nations. This study analyzed various prospects of the country in renewable energy which has been done in a purpose to help the scholars, researchers, and policymakers of the nation, as it gives an insight into the present renewable energy scenario of the country.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-on-renewable-energy-development-1ec239x6fp.pdf

A Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Development, Challenges, and Policies of Leading Indian States With an International Perspective

Due to the possibility of providing energy with much less dependence on the fossil fuels, renew-competent energy sources, in specified sun photovoltaic (PV) conversion have received elevated acceptance and progress in latest times. Big benefits of PV panels comprise easy and trustworthy power production and suitability for disbursed iteration. In addition the costs for photovoltaic modules is drastically lowering. To comprehend this issue, a control plan with modulation compensation scheme is likewise proposed. An exploratory three-stage seven-level cascaded H-bridge inverter has been manufactured using nine H-bridge modules (three modules for each stage). Each H-bridge module is associated with a 185-W solar panel. Simulation results are introduced to confirm the practicality of the proposed approach.

Modular Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel PV Inverter with Distributed MPPT for Grid-Connected Applications

Renewable energy (RE) has become a focal point of interest as an alternative source of energy to the traditional fossil fuel and other energy sources due to the fact that it is more environmentally friendly, abundant and economically feasible. Many countries aggressively promote feed-in tariff schemes and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have become one of the fastest growing RE sources that can be integrated into the grid distribution network. This paper reviews the recent development of grid-connected PV (GPV) generation systems comprising of several sub-components such as PV modules, DC-DC converter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, and an inverter. In addition, various grid synchronization and islanding detection methods are elaborated. The future key challenges to build a smart and efficient GPV generation system were also presented.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4279/pdf

Grid-Connected PV Generation System—Components and Challenges: A Review

PV generating sources are one of the most promising power generation systems in today’s power scenario. The inherent potential barrier that PV possesses with respect to irradiation and temperature is its nonlinear power output characteristics. An intelligent power tracking scheme, e.g., maximum power point tracking (MPPT), is mandatorily employed to increase the power delivery of a PV system. The MPPT schemes experiences severe setbacks when the PV is even shaded partially as PV exhibits multiple power peaks. Therefore, the search mechanism gets deceived and gets stuck with the local maxima. Hence, a rational search mechanism should be developed, which will find the global maxima for a partially shaded PV. The conventional techniques like fractional open circuit voltage (FOCV), hill climbing (HC) method, perturb and observe (P&O), etc., even in their modified versions, are not competent enough to track the global MPP (GMPP). Nature-inspired and bio-inspired MPPT techniques have been proposed by the researchers to optimize the power output of a PV system during partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This paper reviews, compares, and analyzes them. This article renders firsthand information to those in the field of research, who seek interest in the performance enhancement of PV system during inhomogeneous irradiation. Each algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of convergence speed, coding complexity, hardware compatibility, stability, etc. Overall, the authors have presented the logic of each global search MPPT algorithms and its comparisons, and also have reviewed the performance enhancement of these techniques when these algorithms are hybridized.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/8/1451/pdf

Nature-Inspired MPPT Algorithms for Partially Shaded PV Systems: A Comparative Study

Energy generation is facing a big challenge for meeting the load demand during peak hours. Power utilities are heavily depending on fossil fuels due to limited resources of non renewable energy generation. Therefore researchers and scientists are looking towards some distributed generators (DGs) to supply extra power during peak hours of energy curve. Solar power gives them an extra sniff to meet the load demand in that period. As a consequence grid-tied solar Photovoltaic (PV) system catches the eyes of researchers and industrialist mainly for reducing the burden of fossil fuel energy generation. Single stage or two stages PV systems are applicable for grid interconnection with or without battery backup. Double stage system is generally suggested for practical applications as it holds a benefit of power quality improvement. This article presents a comprehensive review on grid-tied solar PV system. The complete architecture of the grid-tied PV system includes the construction of PV array, MPPT methods, DC-DC converters, Inverters and control algorithms. Different control techniques and topologies with their merits and demerits for grid-tied systems are thoroughly reviewed. The comparisons of different conventional and advanced control techniques justify the practicability of this architecture. Different topologies and control methods of grid-tied PV system are studied thoroughly to justify the potential of grid-tied PV system.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-on-grid-tiedsolar-photovoltaic-system-10m3uxdoa1.pdf

A Comprehensive Review on Grid-TiedSolar Photovoltaic System

Grid-connected voltage source converter is used to control the flow of active power from renewable energy sources with several functionalities, such as harmonic mitigation, reactive power compensation, and power factor improvement. The reference current calculation and its accuracy decide the performance of the control algorithms during harmonic disturbances. Fundamental signal extraction techniques are utilized to overcome the disturbances present in the system voltage and current. This paper presents a novel orthogonal current decomposition control for load current decomposition into active and reactive components. These current components are obtained through character of orthogonal vector in the inner product space. The block diagram of the proposed technique is implemented with the help of adder, multiplier, and windowed integrator. Phase voltage and load current for each phase are used as inputs to this functional diagram for getting desired fundamental active current signal. Subsequently, adjustable dc-link voltage control is also presented to diminish the switching losses in the converter and to avoid the false tripping of the grid-connected system during susceptible grid conditions. The proposed control technique is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and verified through developed hardware prototype using ARM Cortex M4-based microcontroller (STM32F407VGT6) using Waijung environment.

A Novel Orthogonal Current Decomposition Control for Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter

The multifunctional grid-connected inverter (MFGCIs) has drawn a significant attention among researchers because of its ancillary services such as active power injection into utility grid while also serving as a power quality conditioner. It should be noted that the application of a multifunctional inverter is specifically increased to integrate renewable and sustainable energy sources like solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind turbine (WT) in distributed energy resources (DERs) and microgrid (MGs) where the aim is to diminish the transmission and distribution losses by generating power at one place and catering the load requirement of nearby localities. In concern to the above, the various configurations used in MFGCIs are presented along with their detailed comparative study. Furthermore, control strategies employed in single and three phase MFGCIs are comprehensively reviewed. In addition, an in-depth illustration, comparison, and discussion on MFGCIs are accomplished. Besides this, the author has also made an attempt to provide a detailed explanation on future scopes of MFGCIs in DERs and MGs. Â Â

https://www.ijrer-net.ijrer.org/index.php/ijrer/article/download/8404/pdf

Multifunctional Grid Interactive Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Electrical energy plays a vital role in the progress of any developed and developing nation across the world. The maximum capacity of electrical energy is supplied by fossil fuel-based centralized power generating stations. The inadequacy of fossil fuels and their harmful effects on the environment leads the research towards energy generation from renewable sources. Wind, solar, biogas, small hydro, etc. are the potential resources of renewable energy. Solar has the maximum potential out of the 900 GW estimated potential of renewable energy in India. This paper highlights the progress and efforts made in the field of solar energy in India. The current status of solar energy generation under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is reviewed thoroughly to justify the utilization of solar potential. The government initiatives, tariff policies, and solar energy incentives are presented in terms of different support programs, funding schemes, and subsidies. As a consequence, the future targets are being achieved by establishing solar parks and rooftop solar systems with the help of net metering concept. Moreover, some success stories as an eye-opener in the field of solar are also depicted.

https://ijrer.com/index.php/ijrer/article/download/8287/pdf

Photovoltaic Power Generation in Indian Prospective Considering Off-grid and Grid-connected Systems

Experimental prototype of a novel feed forward compensation for DC‐link voltage stabilization in grid‐tied PV system

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