https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

T his is a book about the soul of medicine—and about the relationship of medicine to science. When I incoherently fret about what is happening to doctoring, I realise that I am grieving about the loss of something that this book has captured and closely examined. It is medicine not as audited technical expertise but as an art as old as human suffering—and therefore as old as humanity itself.

Andrzej Szczeklik

University of Chicago Press, $20/£13, pp 161 ISBN 0 226 78869 5

Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] 

I know nothing about the author, a Polish physician, but I suspect he was a Renaissance polymath in another life. And whoever translated him into English is clearly the Seamus Heaney of Eastern Europe, because every sentence resonates.

I don't really know who would read this book, because it is overtly pointless. It drifts around among musical harmonics, leucotrienes, and Nietzsche. Yet if the psalmists had written …

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/pdf/catharsis-on-the-art-of-medicine-1o21mp47qb.pdf

Catharsis: On the Art of Medicine.

The objective of this paper is to assess the causes of financial exclusion in northern Nigeria, including the reason and causes behind the accessibility to banking services at a competitive and affordable prices. The study adopted Confirmatory Factor Analysis under Structural Equation Modeling using vulnerable group theory (Religiosity and Poverty) and financial literacy theory (Awareness). In this study, the survey method was used, additionally, the stratified sampling technique is applied as it provides richness and accuracy of information from respondents from various stratums. The participants comprised senior, middle and lower classes for the study justification. The finding indicates the positive relationship between Vulnerable Group Theory and Financial Exclusion while Financial Literacy Theory has no relationship as indicated. Therefore, the vulnerability which is consists of Religiosity and Poverty drive as the major causes of Financial Exclusion in Nigeria. The research provided insights and developed a model that indicates the causes of financial exclusion and apparent barriers to better financial services and inclusion in the community and society.  This study's originality shows that have not used such vulnerable group theory and financial literacy theory for justification.

/pdf/financial-exclusion-in-northern-nigeria-a-lesson-from-the-1uqhtps3.pdf

Financial Exclusion in Northern Nigeria: A Lesson From the Developed Countries

Objective: This study intended to construct a scale measuring the catharsis effect on medical professionals or students through illness narratives (ECS-IN). Methods: After a systematic literature review and panel discussion, the researchers conducted a pilot study with a sample of seven hundred and eighty-two randomly selected healthcare students and providers in Taiwan to examine psychometric properties using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for item derivation and factor extraction. The researchers also tested the validities and reliabilities of the ECS-IN scale to confirm its feasibility. Results: the EFA yielded 29 items and three factors: “emotional identification as self-healing” (12 items; 55.500% of variance explained), “emotional release for compensation” (10 items; 7.465% of variance explained), and “emotional adjustment for intellectual growth” (7 items; 4.839% of variance explained). The CFA yielded an 18-item, three-factor model with satisfactory fit to the data, where the χ2/df ratio = 1.090, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.996, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.997, and root mean square of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.020. The convergent validity and discriminant validities also demonstrated the feasibility of the ECS-IN scale. For the first version of the ECS-IN scale (29 items), the Cronbach’s alphas for the three factors and the overall scale were in the range between 0.912 and 0.971; for the reduced version of the scale (18 items), the Cronbach’s alphas and composite reliabilities were in the range of 0.888–0.946 and 0.890–0.968. Conclusion: The findings proved that the ECS-IN could be a reliable and valid instrument to assess participants’ emotional catharsis through illness narratives.

Development of a Scale Measuring Emotional Catharsis through Illness Narratives.

We are constantly exposed to mental stress in our daily lives, especially under the COVID-19 pandemic. To cope with this issue, we developed StressMincer, an interactive system that combines two stress-relieving factors: expression of negative emotion and destruction. The users obtain catharsis effect by putting negative emotions into words, and a force feedback mechanism enables users to destroy these words by their actions. Three different destructive experiences were developed; shredding, burning by flamethrower, and flushing with toilet water.

StressMincer: Enhancement of Catharsis Effect by Visualization of Words and Destruction with Haptic Feedback

The word catharsis is derived from the Greek word which is translated as cleansing or purification. Most of the definitions emphasize two essential components of catharsis: the emotional aspect (strong emotional expression and processing) and the cognitive aspect of catharsis (insight, new realization, and the unconscious becoming consciousness) and as a result - positive change. Aristotle defined catharsis as purging of the spirit of morbid and base ideas or emotions by witnessing the playing out of such emotions or ideas on stage [1]. Breuer and Freud described catharsis as an involuntary, instinctive body process, for example crying [2]. Schultz and Schultz (2004) followed the psychodynamic tradition and defined catharsis as the process of reducing or eliminating a complex by recalling it to conscious awareness and allowing it to be expressed [3]. The American Psychological Association [4] also associates catharsis with the psychodynamic theory and defines it as the discharge of affects connected to traumatic events that had previously been repressed by bringing these events back into consciousness and reexperiencing them.

Catharsis as a therapy: an overview on health and human development

The Renewable Energy system enhances rural communities' development in the country, specifically in North-East and North-West, Nigeria. The ability to overcome extreme poverty and improve their living conditions is related to the renewable energy technology available. The rural electrification planning approach consists of socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional sustainability dimensions. This study establishes specific objectives to achieve sustainability in rural electrification programs. Conceptual frameworks are proposed for achieving universal access anywhere with similar experiences. The methodology is proposed to 3000 isolated communities in North-East and North-West, Nigeria that lack electricity. Three different strategic approaches are formulated as a research-based investment analysis framework. Confirmatory Factor Analysis under Structural Equation Modelling is shown in Figure 2. While figure 3 addressed the technology aspect through blockchain technology. The findings of this work are intended to contribute to the improvement of rural electrification programs with Renewable Energy (RE) of the solar system.

pdf/rural-electrification-and-sustainable-planning-of-sukuk-1r2fd4pa.pdf

Rural Electrification and Sustainable Planning of Sukuk Financing within the Isolated Communities in Nigeria: Using Investment and Blockchain Technology

Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) is an optical technology with a great chance to complement traditional wireless communication technologies. It offers essential advantages compared to Radio Frequency (RF), such as low power consumption, no frequency restrictions, no electromagnetic interference, security, and a significant increase in bandwidth. Similarly, they have proven a worthy substitute for fiber optics with notable advantages. FSOC systems are usually installed above ground level and are therefore exposed to prevailing weather conditions such as haze, fog, rain, etc. which negatively affect the optical signal transmission. There is a shortage of research on using FSO systems in tropical regions. For this reason, accurate free space optical communication channel modeling helps telecommunication operators to engineer and appropriately manage their networks. Therefore, this research work developed Free Space Optical Communication Channel Model to mitigate the effects of atmospheric attenuations by estimating the specifically induced attenuation caused by both haze and rainfall rates on the FSOC link in the Zaria geographical area using two years of measured visibility data and rainfall rates data of the study location obtained from Nigerian Meteorological (NIMET) agency, Zaria station, locatedat the Nigeria College of Aviation Technology (NCAT) Zaria and Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria. The performance of the FSOC system is analyzed and evaluated through Link Margin (LM) analysis by using the design specifications of a commercial optical transceiver (TereScope 5000). The haze-induced attenuation obtained at 850nm, 950nm, and 1550nm is 5.934dB, 6.402dB, and 3.152dB respectively. Therefore, the result shows that the 1550 nm wavelength has minimum haze-induced attenuation compared to 850nm and 950nm at a propagation link distance of 6km. Furthermore, from the results of the performance evaluation of the LM analysis for the combined effects of Geometrical Attenuation (Gatt), Haze-Induced Attenuation (HIA), and Rain-Induced Attenuation (RIA), the result shows that operating a 1550nm wavelength in transmission power greatly improves optical transmission when compared with 850nm and 950nm wavelengths. Generally, the overall outcome of the research concludes that the free space optical communication system has the robustness to handle successful wireless communication during the worst weather conditions in Zaria throughout the year for a link range of up to 6km

Design and Performance Evaluation of Free Space Optical Communication Link in Zaria, Nigeria

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Catharsis as a therapy: an overview on health and human development

Rural Electrification and Sustainable Planning of Sukuk Financing within the Isolated Communities in Nigeria: Using Investment and Blockchain Technology

Design and Performance Evaluation of Free Space Optical Communication Link in Zaria, Nigeria