The clinical and research discipline of cough has grown substantially over the last two decades as methods to measure cough have developed and evolved. Cough can be thought of both as a symptom and an objectively observable pathophysiological phenomenon, two aspects whose interrelationship is complicated. The following review explores the varied methods to measuring cough, both subjective, patient-reported measures and objective approaches. Specifically, symptom scores, questionnaires of cough-related quality of life, and associated mental health impacts of chronic cough are addressed, as are developments in measuring cough frequency, cough intensity, cough reflex sensitivity, and cough suppressibility. Measuring patient reported cough-severity with a simple visual analogue scale increasingly appears to be justified, but has limitations. The Leicester Cough Questionnaire has been widely used for twenty years, within varied settings and diseases, in research and routine clinical practice, and captures cough-related quality of life. Objective cough frequency has become the primary outcome measure for clinical trials of antitussives, and technology is now enabling the wider application of cough counting. Inhaled tussive challenge testing still has a role, including in the assessment of cough hypersensitivity, and in the identification of failure to supress cough. Ultimately, many measures have a contributory and complementary role, with differing merits in quantifying the multiple facets of cough, the complexity of which is being increasingly recognised.

Measuring cough: what really matters?

/pdf/to-treat-or-not-to-treat-legal-and-ethical-issues-in-the-2c1x987yxo.pdf

To treat or not to treat: legal and ethical issues in the compulsory treatment of anorexia

Should recovery practices within mental health services be monitored? If so, how can organisational recovery orientation be measured? A qualitative inquiry

Risk assessment is now a key feature of the New Zealand criminal justice system. Risk assessments are relevant to sentencing and parole decisions, and importantly, the imposition of post-sentence measures. The decisions that are informed by risk assessments have serious consequences for the deprivation of liberty of offenders. Despite its growing importance, risk assessment is not widely understood by the legal community. 
This paper provides a broad overview of risk assessment practices in New Zealand. In doing so, it explores several shortfalls in the risk assessment process. It appears that the limitations of risk assessment evidence are not well understood. As this paper argues, it is only by truly engaging with risk assessment evidence that proper consideration can be given to the balance between the rights of individual offenders and the interests of the community. To assist with this, this paper argues for a number of changes in the way that risk assessments are carried out.

A Fair Assessment of Risk: Examining New Zealand’s Risk Assessment Practices

The European Respiratory Society (ERS) celebrated the return of an in-person meeting in Barcelona, Spain, after two years of virtual congresses. The congress programme was replete with symposia, skills workshops and abstract presentations from all 14 assemblies, encompassing over 3000 abstracts presented in the form of thematic poster discussion and oral presentations. In this article, highlights from this year's congress (including that from thematic poster sessions, oral presentations and symposia from keynote speakers), presented by Assembly 5: Airway diseases, Asthma, COPD and Chronic Cough, are reviewed by Early Career Members and experts in the field, with the aim of presenting key recent findings in the field.

/pdf/research-highlights-from-the-2022-european-respiratory-3q95gtt8.pdf

Research highlights from the 2022 European Respiratory Society International Congress: Airway diseases

Psychiatry and the Law

Introduction: Chronic cough is associated with significant psychosocial co-morbidities. We investigated suicidal ideation, depression and anxiety and their relationship with cough severity. Methods: Consecutive patients with chronic cough at a specialist clinic prospectively completed cough severity and intensity visual analogue scales (VAS), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD7). Case notes were reviewed for clinical characteristics. Results: 108 participants completed the assessments (Table 1); 34% and 22%&nbsp;reported symptoms of at least moderate severity of depression and anxiety (PHQ9 and GAD7&nbsp;&gt;10) respectively. Suicidal ideation was reported in 11% and was associated with younger age, worse cough severity and intensity VAS, and LCQ. Depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with cough severity VAS (r=0.46; r=0.37) and LCQ (r=-0.60; r=-0.35; all p&lt;0.01) respectively, but not with sex or diagnosis (all p&gt;0.12). Conclusion: Suicidal ideation and symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in chronic cough, and are associated with cough severity and health status. Further studies should investigate factors which influence psychological co-morbidity in chronic cough and any effective interventions.

Suicidal ideation, depression and anxiety in chronic cough

Resolution of inflammation in long COVID

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Psychiatry and the Law

Suicidal ideation, depression and anxiety in chronic cough

Resolution of inflammation in long COVID