Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have an increased risk for the development of systemic and metabolic pathogenesis such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance (IR), diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia. However, there is no reliable marker to show the relation. Fetuin-A is an adipokine whereas paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein-linked enzyme to demonstrate oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate serum fetuin-A and PON-1 levels in infertile PCOS women based on body mass index (BMI).

Methods

A prospective case-control study in a university setting was designed. A total of 88 patients admitted to the Giresun University Faculty of Medicine Gynecology Clinic between February and April 2021 were included in the study. The subjects were divided as follows: PCOS-low-BMI (BMI≤25) vs. Controls-low-BMI (BMI≤25) and PCOS-high-BMI (BMI>25) vs. Controls-high-BMI (BMI>25). Those who had at least two criteria of the 2003 Rotterdam Consensus were diagnosed with PCOS. Serum fetuin-A and PON-1 levels were compared.

Results

The mean levels of fetuin-A were not significantly different in the groups (p=0.955). Serum PON-1 levels were lower in the PCOS group (109.1±61.4 vs. 140.1±80.0; p=0.040), but it lost significance with adjusted values for covariants as age and BMI. Although PON-1 was not significantly different in the PCOS group of BMI<25 kg/m2 subgroup, it was significantly lower in the PCOS group of BMI≥25 kg/m2 subgroup (p=0.820 vs. p=0.048).

Conclusion

Serum fetuin-A activity did not differ with PCOS. Serum PON-1 might be a promising and research-worthy marker, especially for obese PCOS patients.

/pdf/investigating-fetuin-a-and-paraoxonase-1-activity-as-markers-5g323ihzco.pdf

Investigating Fetuin-A and Paraoxonase-1 Activity as Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Body Mass Index: A Prospective Case-Control Study.

Elevated levels of Fetuin-A, a protease inhibitor belonging to the cystatin family, have raised questions about its role in the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), the most prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged females. This case-control study, conducted in Iraq, aimed to assess changes in Fetuin-A levels among Iraqi women with PCOS. A convenient sample of 90 women, comprising 45 PCOS cases and 45 healthy controls, was enrolled. Fetuin-A levels were measured and found to be significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls. Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed between Fetuin-A levels and fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance, luteinizing hormone, and serum testosterone. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, a cutoff point of 502.00 ng/mL was determined for predicting positive Fetuin-A levels, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.4% and 73.3%, respectively. This study suggests that Fetuin-A could serve as a valuable marker for both screening and evaluating PCOS and its potential late consequences, including metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; Highlights:&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Elevated Fetuin-A Levels: This study reveals significantly higher Fetuin-A levels in PCOS, shedding light on its potential role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Correlations with Metabolic Factors: Positive correlations between Fetuin-A and key metabolic markers like fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and luteinizing hormone highlight its relevance in the context of PCOS and metabolic health.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Screening Potential: The identified cutoff point for predicting positive Fetuin-A levels offers a promising tool for screening and evaluating PCOS and associated late consequences, particularly metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; &#x0D; 

Evaluation of Serum Fetuin-A as A Possible Marker for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Iraqi Women; Case-control Study

Background/aim Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition affecting 5–10% of reproductive-aged women, the cause of which is unknown. Chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism are symptoms of PCOS. It is linked to hirsutism, obesity, and increased probability of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. A risk factor for cardiovascular disease is PCOS that is undiagnosed or untreated. Our aim in this study is to investigate serum fetuin-A level and its gene as potential biomarkers for screening of insulin resistance in PCOS. Patients and methods This study involved 100 female participants from outpatient clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt. They were split into two groups (each 50). The first group included healthy fertile women without symptoms of hyperandrogenemia as a control. The second group included women with PCOS. Fasting blood sugar levels, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides have been estimated by enzymatic colorimetric technique while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have been used to measure serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicular-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and fetuin-A, while PCR has been used to extract DNA and genotype common functional polymorphisms in fetuin-A. Results The present results revealed a considerable rise in glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and fetuin-A and significant decrease in follicular-stimulating hormone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in PCOS patients. Also, there was significant higher frequency of the fetuin-A gene variant rs1071592 AA genotype and A allele compared to controls. Conclusions Fetuin-A has a potential diagnostic value as a biomarker for insulin resistance in PCOS associated with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, ‘CG’ allele can be considered a risk factor for PCOS.

Assessment of serum fetuin-A and its gene polymorphism as a marker of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

The current study included collection of 90 serum samples to assess the relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and some biochemical variables in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The samples were collected from external laboratories in Salah al-Din Governorate for the period from 10/29/2021 to 12/25/2021. 60 samples were taken for women with PCOS, and 30 samples were taken from the control group, their ages ranged between (18-40) years for healthy women and patients. Vitamin D3 level and some hormones concentrations (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) were estimated in the blood serum of the study groups. The results of the current study showed that the level of vitamin D3 decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in women with PCOS compared to healthy women as a control group, the results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of studding hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) in women with PCOS compared to healthy women as a control group.

pdf/evaluation-of-the-relationship-between-vitamin-d3-level-and-3cr748qm.pdf

Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D3 level and sex hormones in women with PCOS

The current study included the collection of 90 serum samples to assess the relationship between the level of Fetuin-A, and some biochemical variables in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The samples were collected from external laboratories in Salah El-Din Governorate for the period from 10/29/2021 to 12/25/2021. 60 samples of women with PCOS and 30 samples representing the control group, their ages ranged between (18-40) years for patients and healthy ones. Fetuin-A level and lipid profile were estimated in the blood serum of groups for both of women with PCOS and healthy women as a control group. The results of the study showed that the level of Fetuin-A was significantly increased at (P≤0.05) in women with PCOS compared to healthy women as a control group, and the results also showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the cholesterol level, Triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, with no significant difference in the level of high-density lipoprotein- and very low-density lipoproteins in women with PCOS compared to healthy women as a control group.

pdf/evaluation-of-the-relationship-between-fetuin-a-level-and-fj06at0l.pdf

Evaluation of the relationship between Fetuin-A level and some biochemical variables in women with PCOS

Objective: Fetuin-A is a glycoprotein which is present in circulation that might be linked to insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in Fetuin-A levels as a possible marker in patients with PCOS.

Methods: In this study we included a total of 80 women. Group A;40 women with PCOS represented this study group, while another 40 women with regular cycles and no symptoms of hyperandrogenemia represented the controls(Group B). Fetuin-A level was measured in both groups to compare the level of this hormone.

Results: Our results showed that Fetuin A concentration in the PCOS group was elevated than the control group (mean ± SD: 521 ± 7.1 vs 505 ± 50.5 ng/ml respectively) and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Fetuin A level could be proposed as a screening test for PCOS with a cutoff value of 515 ng/ ml, the sensitivity and specificity were one hundred % and forty five %, respectively.

Serum Fetuin a Level: A New Possible Marker for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women with Infertility

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Serum Fetuin a Level: A New Possible Marker for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Women with Infertility