Alterations to groundwater chemistry due to modern water transfer for irrigation over decades.

Groundwater quality assessment using a new integrated-weight water quality index (IWQI) and driver analysis in the Jiaokou Irrigation District, China.

In this study, analysis of hydrogeological conditions, as well as hydrochemistry and isotopic tools were used to get an insight into the processes controlling mineralization, recharge conditions, and flow pattern of groundwater in a typical arid alluvial-lacustrine plain in Qaidam Basin, northwest China. Analysis of the dissolved constituents reveals that groundwater evolves from fresh water (TDS =300–1000 mg/l) to saline water (TDS ≥5000 mg/l) along the flow paths, with the water type transiting from HCO 3⋅Cl–Na ⋅Mg to HCO 3⋅Cl–Na, and eventually to Cl–Na. Groundwater chemical evolution is mainly controlled by water–rock interaction and the evaporation–crystallization process. Deuterium and oxygen-18 isotopes in groundwater samples indicate that the recharge of groundwater is happened by meteoric water and glacier melt-water in the Kunlun Mountains, and in three different recharge conditions. Groundwater ages, estimated by the radiogenic (3H and 14C) isotope data, range from present to Holocene (∼28 ka). Based on groundwater residence time, hydrogeochemical characteristics, field investigation, and geological structure distribution, a conceptual groundwater flow pattern affected by uplift structure is proposed, indicating that shallow phreatic water is blocked by the uplift structure and the flow direction is turned to the northwest, while high pressure artesian water is formed in the confined aquifers at the axis of the uplift structure.

/pdf/groundwater-circulation-and-hydrogeochemical-evolution-in-1lhyo41hxe.pdf

Groundwater circulation and hydrogeochemical evolution in Nomhon of Qaidam Basin, northwest China

Groundwater quality, as major source of freshwater, is an important factor in sustainable development and water resources management. Due to increase in water demand in developing countries and overexploitation, groundwater quality has decreased in many aquifers in the world. One of the most important factors which decrease the groundwater quality is salinization. The aim of this study is to comprehensively review the sources and mechanisms of salinization. Based on our review, the major sources of groundwater salinization consist of marine sources (e.g., connate saline groundwater, marine transgressions, incidental flooding by seawater, lateral seawater intrusion and seawater sprays), natural continental sources (e.g., evaporation, soluble minerals, membrane effects and geothermal origin), anthropogenic activities and multiplicity sources. Research approaches in groundwater salinization include hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers, hydrogeochemical models and groundwater dating isotopes (radioisotopes). The simple and clear guideline presented in this paper can be applied to investigate the groundwater salinization by researchers in the world.

An overview on source, mechanism and investigation approaches in groundwater salinization studies

The present study was carried out to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and the impact of tanning industries on groundwater in Ambur, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Thirty groundwater samples were collected during pre monsoon (July 2015) and post monsoon (January 2016) from the open and shallow wells around this region and were analyzed for major ions and chromium. The major ion concentration follows the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ (cations) and Cl− > HCO3
 − > SO4
 2− > NO3
 − (anions) for both seasons. The high concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and Cr around the tannery regions indicate the impact of effluent discharged from tannery units. In general, the groundwater of this study area is of Na+-Cl− type, which is due to the mixing of tannery effluent and cation exchange process. Ionic ratio indicates that the silicate weathering influences the groundwater chemistry. The permissible limit of chromium in the groundwater exceeds in over 50 % of the sampling wells. The factor analysis reveals that the dominant source for ionic contents is due to tannery effluents and cation exchange processes. To overcome this situation, it is essential to improve the performance of the effluent treatment plants so as to remove the salinity of wastewater and to plan for rainfall recharge structures for improving the groundwater recharge.

Hydrogeochemical processes and impact of tanning industries on groundwater quality in Ambur, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India

Origin of the groundwater salinity and geochemical processes in detrital and carbonate aquifers: Case of Chougafiya basin (Central Tunisia)

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Origin of the groundwater salinity and geochemical processes in detrital and carbonate aquifers: Case of Chougafiya basin (Central Tunisia)