As renewed international efforts are needed to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the livestock sector can contribute its part. An important emitter of greenhouse gas, it also has the potential to significantly reduce its emissions. This report provides a unique global assessment of the magnitude, the sources and pathways of emissions from different livestock production systems and supply chains. Relying on life cycle assessment, statistical analysis and scenario building, it also provides estimates of the sector’s mitigation potential and identifies concrete options to reduce emissions. The report is a useful resource for stakeholders from livestock producers to policy-makers, researchers and civil society representatives, which also intends to inform the public debate on the role of livestock supply chains in climate change and possible solution.

Tackling climate change through livestock : a global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities

Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals

Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle

The State of Food and Agriculture

Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the effects of ensiling on the corn silage processing score (CSPS) and fermentation and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) profiles of unprocessed whole-plant corn. Materials and Methods Eleven corn hybrids were harvested and chopped separately (unprocessed) into approximately 16-mm-length particles and divided in 4 subsamples of approximately 600 g each. Two subsamples were randomly assigned to each treatment (0 or 120 d of ensiling). All samples were vacuum sealed in nylon-polyethylene standard barrier vacuum pouches. Representative samples from 0 and 120 d were immediately frozen and further analyzed for nutrients, CSPS, and fermentation and LCFA profiles. Results and Discussion Concentration of DM was unaffected (P > 0.10) by ensiling and averaged 36.2% as fed. Crude fat was 0.42 percentage units greater (P = 0.005) and pH levels were lower (P = 0.001) after 120 d, likely due to lactic and acetic acids concentrations that were 7.7 and 1.0 percentage units greater (P 0.10) by ensiling and averaged 31.2% of DM. The CSPS (28.8%) was low in the unprocessed material and was unaffected (P > 0.10) by ensiling. No effects of ensiling were observed on LCFA profile of major fatty acids including C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids (P > 0.10). Implications and Applications Ensiling did not affect CSPS and LCFA profile.

Effects of ensiling of whole-plant corn on silage processing score and fermentation and long-chain fatty acid profiles

Factors affecting the quality of corn silage grown in hot, humid areas 3: Effect of maturity at harvest of corn hybrids differing in staygreen ranking

1419 Effect of lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation parameters and aerobic stability of sorghum-sudangrass silage.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin known to impair human and animal health. It is also believed to have a deleterious effect on ruminal nutrient digestibility under in vitro batch culture systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing the dose of AFB1 on ruminal dry matter and nutrient digestibility, fermentation profile, and N flows using a dual-flow continuous culture system fed a diet formulated for lactating dairy cows. Eight fermenter vessels were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 10 d periods (7 d adaptation and 3 d sample collection). Treatments were randomly applied to fermenters on diet DM basis: (1) 0 μg of AFB1/kg of DM (Control); (2) 50 μg of AFB1/kg of DM (AF50); (3) 100 μg of AFB1/kg of DM (AF100); and (4) 150 μg of AFB1/kg of DM (AF150). Treatments did not affect nutrient digestibility, fermentation, and N flows. Aflatoxin B1 concentration in ruminal fluid increased with dose but decreased to undetectable levels after 4 h post-dosing. In conclusion, adding incremental doses of AFB1 did not affect ruminal fermentation, digestibility of nutrients, and N flows in a dual-flow continuous culture system fed diets formulated for lactating dairy cows.

/pdf/the-effects-of-incremental-doses-of-aflatoxin-b1-on-in-vitro-3fhtzwtz.pdf

The Effects of Incremental Doses of Aflatoxin B1 on In Vitro Ruminal Nutrient Digestibility and Fermentation Profile of a Lactating Dairy Cow Diet in a Dual-Flow Continuous Culture System

The tensile strength (TS) of four warm-season and three cool-season forage grasses was measured with an Instron Universal machine, along with cell-wall analysis and determination of in vitro dry matter digestibility. The mean TS of the warm-season grasses was significantly higher than that of the cool season grasses (22 vs. 9 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). The concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were significantly greater in the warm- than in the cool-season grasses (P < 0.05), whereas ash concentration was greater in the cool-season grasses. Among the warm-season grasses that were studied, elephant grass had the highest and bermuda grass had the lowest TS (34.4 and 14.9 kg, respectively, P < 0.05); Among the cool-season grasses triticale had greater TS than wheat and oats (12.6 vs. 6.8 and 7.5 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). Tensile strength was significantly correlated with NDF, ADF and ADL, and negatively correlated with in vitro organic matter digestibility (correlation coefficients were 0.64, 0.73. 0.41 and -0.64, respectively). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Tensile strength of warm and cool season forage grasses in Florida

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