Cinnamomum cassia Presl is a tropical aromatic evergreen tree of the Lauraceae family, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is also a traditional spice, widely used around the world. This paper summarizes the achievements of modern research on C. cassia, including the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. In addition, this review also discusses some significant issues and the potential direction of future C. cassia research. More than 160 chemicals have been separated and identified from C. cassia. The main constituents of C. cassia are terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, glycosides, etc. Modern studies have confirmed that C. cassia has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, antibacterial and antiviral, cardiovascular protective, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, immunoregulatory effects, anti-tyrosinase activity and other effects. However, the modern studies of C. cassia are still not complete and more in-depth investigations need to be conducted in alimentotherapy, health product, toxicity and side effects, and more bioactive components and potential pharmacological effects need to be explored in the future.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/19/3473/pdf

Cinnamomum cassia Presl: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology

Recent Advances on Graphene: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Nanotheranostics, which combines optical multiplexed disease detection with therapeutic monitoring in a single modality, has the potential to propel the field of nanomedicine toward genuine personalized medicine. Currently employed mainstream modalities using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in diagnosis and treatment are limited by a lack of specificity and potential issues associated with systemic toxicity. Light-mediated nanotheranostics offers a relatively non-invasive alternative for cancer diagnosis and treatment by using AuNPs of specific shapes and sizes that absorb near infrared (NIR) light, inducing plasmon resonance for enhanced tumor detection and generating localized heat for tumor ablation. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the field of nanotheranostics, however the main biological and translational barriers to nanotheranostics leading to a new paradigm in anti-cancer nanomedicine stem from the molecular complexities of cancer and an incomplete mechanistic understanding of utilization of Au-NPs in living systems. This work provides a comprehensive overview on the biological, physical and translational barriers facing the development of nanotheranostics. It will also summarise the recent advances in engineering specific AuNPs, their unique characteristics and, importantly, tunability to achieve the desired optical/photothermal properties.

Smart Gold Nanostructures for Light Mediated Cancer Theranostics: Combining Optical Diagnostics with Photothermal Therapy.

Nanostructured porous graphene for efficient removal of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals) from water

Terminalia catappa shell as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions

The anticancer mediators claim their activity in liquid form as a biocompatible and use in bios stems, which are mostly collected in fluid form. Control on the stability of metal oxide nanoparticles in parallel reducing the effect of large amount on their biological and cytotoxicity activities, remains a challenge. Here anticancer activity and cytotoxicity zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been presented that are coated with folic acid (F.A) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemical method and characterized by x-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity studies were performed on HepG2 cells.MMT assay was used to check the cell viability. The PEG and F.A capped ZnO NPs have shown reduction in cytotoxicity as compare to bare ZnO nanoparticles.

/pdf/cytotoxicity-of-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-coupled-with-folic-18jzfq9s.pdf

Cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles coupled with folic acid and polyethylene glycol

Lenz-Majewski Hyperostotic Dwarfism (LMHD) is an extremely rare congenital, sclerosing bone dysplasia that causes cranio-tubular hyperostosis, ectodermal dysplasia (cutis laxa and enamel hypoplasia), osseous dysgenesis of hands and feet with diaphyseal cortical thickening of tubular bones and intellectual disability. Only a few cases of this syndrome have been reported in the literature so far. We report another case of LMHD with cranio-tubular hyperostosis, cutis laxa, wide open anterior and posterior fontannels, hypertelorism and thickening of diaphysis of tubular bones in a six months old Pakistani female patient. Notably, some secondary phenotypic clinical features such as multiple bony deformities, multiple skin tags and a space occupying lesion in posterior cranial fossa (Lipoma) resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus were also present in this patient. These atypical features have never been previously reported with LMHD, to the best of our knowledge. This case extends the variable phenotype and associated features of this syndrome.

Lenz majewskihyperostotic dwarfism: A Pakistani patient with atypical features

Autonomy is an idea originated from that the enlightenment movement and different philosophers viewed it with their perceptions over centuries. Communitarianism is a broad social philosophy which is contrasting with individualism and liberalism in all fields including educational ends. This paper following literature review as research methodology gives the viewpoint of some communitarian and feminist theorists about educational aims and how it is distinct from liberal theory and also counts on personal opinion right through. The middle line progress is advocated that the communitarian educational sighting suppressed individualities but the ‘atomic individual’ trend without communal considerations is also not that could be supported, and combined procession should be devised to approach including autonomy as an aim of education. Keywords: Communitarianism, Aim of Education, Educational Social Philosophy.

Communitarian perspective on autonomy and human identities

Genotoxic and Hemato-Biochemical Effects Induced By Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nano Particles in Sprague Dawley Rats

Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

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