The mineralogy, chemistry, and physics of tropical soils with variable charge clays (book review)

ABSTRAK
	Penggunaan pupuk N anorganik oleh petani pada saat ini cenderung meningkat secara signifikan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan lahan dan produksi hasil pertanian. Tanaman padi mempunyai kapasitas untuk menyerap unsur N dalam jumlah yang terbatas, sehingga N yang yang tidak diserap oleh tanaman padi akan mengalami proses volatilisasi, pencucian air irigasi, dan leaching. Akumulasi nitrat dalam lapisan tanah yang relatif tinggi yang mempunyai potensi terjadinya leaching menyebabkan konsentrasi nitrat bergerak ke lapisan tanah yang lebih dalam dan mencapai permukaan air tanah. Aplikasi irigasi dengan penggenangan petak sawah akan mempercepat proses leaching dengan melarutkan nitrat yang terdapat pada lapisan tanah dan melarutkan nitrat yang terdapat pada permukaan tanah yang menyebabkan peningkatan konsentrasi nitrat pada air permukaan. Residu konsentrasi nitrat di daerah penelitian pada kedalaman 60 cm berkisar antara 6 kg/ha – 64,6 kg/ha dan hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa pemberian pupuk N (N fertilizer) melebihi jumlah kebutuhan optimum untuk pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Efisiensi pemberian pupuk N anorganik sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman padi dan pemberian pupuk yang berimbang dengan menggunakan pupuk organik merupakan usaha yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat kehilangan N (N losses) pada usaha pertanian dan untuk mengurangi tingkat pencemaran nitrat di lingkungan. Efisiensi penggunaan pupuk tersebut membantu terwujudnya pertanian yang berkelanjutan. 
Kata Kunci : akumulasi nitrat,leaching,efisiensi pemupukan

Efisiensi penggunaan pupuk –n untuk pengurangan kehilangan nitrat pada lahan pertanian

Jatigede Reservoir is the second largest reservoir in Indonesia. Jatigede Reservoir also has the main function for irrigation facilities and hydroelectric power (PLTA). In addition, it also functions as a means of freshwater aquaculture, water sports facilities, recreational facilities, and so on. The construction of the Jatigede Reservoir provides great benefits, but on the other hand there are sacrifices for several interests, namely the loss of community land, changes in community livelihoods and the continuity of the reservoir related to the reservoir area border with the community. Ecosystem conservation to strengthen the sustainability of the reservoir requires the concept of sabilulungan which is the local wisdom of the Sundanese people who live around the reservoir. The value of sabilulungan is not only at the level of mutual cooperation but also closely related to its relationships and interactions with others, the environment and with God. This Community Service uses the concept of Socialization and Participatory in the Sabilulungan-based Ecovillage theme in forming and maintaining the Jatigede reservoir greenbelt so that it can have an impact on social, economic, ecosystem and natural conservation aspects. The activities carried out were in the form of counseling related to the sabilulungan-based ecovillage concept, planting community forest plant seeds, health checks and distribution of basic food packages to the Cibugel village community. This activity involves village officials, community leaders, RT and RT heads, hamlet heads and other community members, in addition to expanding the scope and strengthening the level of success of the Community Service team program in collaboration with PT Migas Hulu Jabar. Community participation with village officials and community leaders is the most important thing in the sabilulungan-based Ecovillage concept, academics and CSR managers are other complementary stakeholders in maintaining the program consistency.

Gerakan ecovillage berbasis sabilulungan konservasi lahan greenbelt waduk jatigede

Coastal sandy soil is usually dominated by sand fractions, having no micro pore complex that can bind water and store fertilizer nutrients. The application of zeolite rocks into the root zone of plants growing in sandy soil is expected to reduce nitrogen nutrient leaching.The research was carried out by using the greenhouse experiment method, arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was activated zeolite rock doses, consisting of 7 levels, namely 0% (Z0), 1% (Z1), 2% (Z2), 3% (Z3), 4% (Z4), 5% (Z5), and 6% (Z6) per 10 kg of coastal sandy soils as planting media. Meanwhile, the second factor was nitrogen fertilizer doses, consisting of 3 levels, namely 75 kg (N1), 100 kg (N2), and 125 kg (N3) per hectare. The results showed that the application of zeolite rock to the planting media could increase the growth of corn plants fertilized with nitrogen. The best vegetative growth was obtained when 6% zeolite per 10 kg of planting media was applied. The application of 6% zeolite together with 125 kg per hectare N fertilizer resulted in the heaviest fresh plant biomass. The use of zeolite can increase the N-fertilizer uptake efficiency in the vegetative growth of corn plants grown in coastal sand soils.

/pdf/the-application-of-zeolite-to-increase-nitrogen-use-vhh4v2i9te.pdf

The Application of Zeolite to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Corn Vegetative Growth in Coastal Sandy Soils

Soybean is Indonesia’s important food crop, generally grown in monoculture. Global climate change can affect unfavourable environmental conditions and reduce soybean yields. Soybean yields can be increased by intercropping, which can improve the plant’s environmental conditions. One of the crops that can be intercropped with soybeans is corn because planting corn between soybeans can create a favourable microclimate for soybeans. This study aims to obtain the right population proportion in soybean and corn intercropping based on physio-morphological responses. This research was conducted in Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region, in July-November 2021, with a single-factor experimental method arranged in a single plot design. The treatment was the proportion of soybean and corn population, consisting of 4 proportions, i.e. 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, and monoculture soybean and corn as controls. The variables observed were leaf area, dry weight, chlorophyll content, stomatal density, number of pods, seed weight, and soybean yield. The results showed that the proportion of soybeans and corn intercropping population did not affect chlorophyll content and stomata density. A population proportion of 3:1 produces the number of leaves and specific leaf area, the number of pods, and pod weight per plant higher than monoculture soybeans and other intercropping population proportions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012027/pdf

Physio-Morphology Of Soybean In Various Population Proportions Of Intercropping With Corn

Waduk Cirata  is  one of  impormant  water reservoir  in West  Java.  This  reservoir  was  used  for supporting  power plants  for Java  and Bali’s  area.  It’s  need  more attention  to  keep  the  function  continuity  of  Waduk Cirata.  Greenbelt  area  was  one  of  factor determinant  for  establishment  of  Waduk Cirata. Landuse change in greenbelt area is a great threat for greenbelt area sustainability,  future more to establishment of Waduk Cirata. This research was aimed to study the effect of landuse  and slope combination to physical property of soil. The research was conducted in greenbelt area of  Waduk  Cirata,  located  in  Margalaksana  and Nenggeleng Village,  Cipeundeuy  District,  Bandung  Barat.  The  independent  variable was  three landuse  type  and two  class  of  slope,  so  that  were six  combination variable that repeated four times, so there was 24 land unit. This land unit determined with  overlay  tools  in ArcGIs software.  Statistical  analysis  used  for determined  the effect  and relationship between parameter. Based on analysis data, combination of landuse type and class of  slope not  influence  bulk density,  porosity,  and permeability  value.  Rubber plantation with  class  of  slope 8-15%  has  higher bulk density  (1.24  g/cm 3 ) and higher porosity  (66.7  %),  meanwhile,  the  higher of permeability (9.31cm/hour) found in cocoa plantation with class of slope 16-25%. Keywords: greenbelt area, landuse, class of slope, bulk density, porosity, permeability.

/pdf/pengaruh-kelas-kemiringan-lereng-dan-penggunaan-lahan-3x4rv1ursl.pdf

Pengaruh Kelas Kemiringan Lereng dan Penggunaan Lahan terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah di Kawasan Penyangga Waduk Cirata Kecamatan Cipeundeuy Kabupaten Bandung Barat

One of the factors inhibiting the production of rice is not efficient in the use of fertilizers and ecosystem damage due to toxic hazardous materials such as heavy metals. the use of Urea, Zeolite,  Activated charcoal based fertilizer is expected to increase the production of paddy rice crops in rice  fields heavy metal contaminated. The experiment was conducted in the village of the District Linggar  Rancaekek Regency  Bandung from  March  to  May  2015.  The experiment  used  randomized  block  design with four single  treatment,  that  is  A =  urea  : zeolite  (95:5),  B  =  urea  : zeolite  : activated  charcoal (50:45:5), C = urea : zeolite : activated charcoal (50:25:25), D = urea : zeolite (60:40), each  with  five replicates.  Rice  varieties  used are Inpari  30.  The  results  showed  that  administration RS  fertilizer formula  is  proven to  reduce  the  solubility  of  approximately  30%  Pb  and increases  the  cation exchange capacity  (CEC) of  the soil.  RS fertilizer no  real  effect  on pH and N-Total  soils.  Formulation urea : zeolite : activated charcoal (50:25:25) can decrease the solubility of Pb, while the  CEC best demonstrated by the increase in formulation urea : zeolite : activated charcoal (50: 45: 5).  Key words: heavy metals, RS fertilizer, wetland rice

/pdf/pengaruh-formula-pupuk-urea-zeolit-arangaktif-terhadap-ph-n-2py71pgyic.pdf

Pengaruh Formula Pupuk Urea-Zeolit-Arangaktif terhadap pH, N-total, KTK tanah dan Residu Pb pada Tanah Tercemar Limbah Industri

Andisols need to be ameliorated to improve the phosphorus status. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of nanoparticles of volcanic ash and rock phosphate as ameliorants in Andisols to P-retention, available P and potential P in Andisols. The research used a complete randomized experimental design in factorial with two factors. The first factor was nanoparticle of volcanic ash (a) and the second factor was rock phosphate (p). Both ameliorants consist of four doses on soil weight percentage (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%). The combined treatments were replicated three times. The soil and treatments were mixed and incubated for 4 months. Soil samples were taken after one month and four months of incubation to be analyzed the P-retention, available P and potential P. The results showed that there are interactions between the volcanic ash and rock phosphate on available P and potential P after one month of incubation. However, there were no interactions occurring between the volcanic ash and rock phosphate on P-retention after one and four months of incubation and no interactions on available P and potential P after four months. The best combined treatments in increasing available P and potential P after one month was obtained in 2.5% of volcanic ash and 5% of rock phosphate that increased available P to 405.75 ppm. The 2.5% of volcanic ash and 7.5% of rock phosphate increased potential P to 2190.26 mg/100 g. Independently, 7.5% of volcanic ash and rock phosphate decreased P-retention to 71.49% after one month and 89.74% after four months. Higher effect on the application of nanoparticle of volcanic ash and rock phosphate to the phosphorus status of Andisols recieved after one month of incubation is compared with four months of incubation.

/pdf/the-phosphorus-status-of-andisols-as-influenced-by-42xmxrzcps.pdf

The phosphorus status of andisols as influenced by nanoparticles of volcanic ash and rock phosphate

Volcanic ash soil is a productive soil, but its P-retention has to be reduced to increase the available P. This research remedied the volcanic ash soil with steel slag and bokashi of husk to overcome the P-problem and to investigate their influence to soil physical aspects related to the soil erodibility. The treatments were arranged in randomized block designed in factorial pattern with two factors: steel slag and bokashi of husk, each consisted four levels: 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 % of soil weight (w/w), made the 4 × 4 or 16 combination treatments. The soil with each treatment was mixed thoroughly, filled into polybags, watered to the field capacity, closed tightly, incubated for four months, and sampled for chemical and physical analyses. The parameters were P-retention, available P, bulk density, organic carbon, permeability, and erodibility. Texture and structure was measured prior to the treatments to be calculated as erodibility factors. The results show that steel slag and bokashi of husk interact in increasing available P from 10.02 to 70.02 ppm. Steel slag and bokashi of husk do not interact in decreasing P-retention, decreasing bulk density and increasing permeability, but bokashi of husk individually shows the effect to such parameters. The soil erodibility is improved from 0.19 to 0.14. These results show that the remediation of volcanic ash soil to fix the P-status will also fix the soil erodibility against the heavy rainfall.

Remediation of Volcanic Ash Soil in Related to Soil Erodibility Against the Heavy Rainfall

Fertilizer is one of the crucial means to improving rice productivity. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the behavior of nitrogen in the soil and plant rice (Oryza sativa L.) as well as the highest yields in Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts. This study was conducted in May through September 2015 at the Experimental Garden of Soil and Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang regency. The altitude of place was 725 meters above sea level. The study design used randomized block design (RAK) with ten treatments, various dosage level of NPK 18:8:18 combined with the setting puddles and three replications, thus totaling thirty experimental plots. The results showed a real effect due to the provision of various level dose of NPK 18:8:18 and combinations of settings puddles on plant growth, the content of soil-N, absorption-N, and rice yields, both at the time of vegetative end as well as post-harvest rice. In addition, treatment of NPK 18:8:18 by setting a puddle able to deliver the highest yield at the time of post-harvest each by N-total of 0,64%; N-organic 0,26%; N-NH4 0,11%; N-NO3 0,31%; and absorption-N of plants by 1,80%. This resulted in a relatively high yield of 9.952 kg.ha-1, but not significantly different from NPK doses of 450 and 600 kg.ha-1. Keywords: NPK doses, soil-N, absorption-N, rice yield

/pdf/dinamika-nitrogen-dan-hasil-tanaman-padi-sawah-oryza-sativa-2vuw6dnkti.pdf

Dinamika Nitrogen dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Kultivar INPARI 31 akibat Pemupukan NPK 18:8:18 dan Penggenangan Air pada Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts

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