/pdf/bureaucratic-structure-regulatory-quality-and-36j5ll1ebw.pdf

Bureaucratic Structure, Regulatory Quality, and Entrepreneurship in a Comparative Perspective: Cross-Sectional and Panel Data Evidence

In the name of women? Feminist readings of policies for women’s entrepreneurship in Scandinavia

This study seeks to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship competencies and intention (EI) of a sample of potential STEM entrepreneurs in order to assess the conventional assumption on women exhibiting lower rates of entrepreneurship intention than men and that the lack of competence perceived is a higher barrier to be an entrepreneur for them. The model used for the analysis takes as reference the Entrepreneurship Competences Framework (EntreComp) proposed by the European Commission (EC) as a common guide to inspire entrepreneurship education. Data gathering is based on a structured questionnaire. The conducted analysis uses Student’s t test means comparison and factor analysis to define the model of competences, and a multiple regression model to study the relationship between competences and skill factors in EI. Findings do not validate the hypothesis that women have fewer entrepreneurship intentions than men. Also, slight differences on the self-perceived competences are obtained by gender. In addition, the study confirms the hypothesis of a positive relationship between competences and EI, but here gender is not a moderating factor. Results are expected to contribute to the entrepreneurship competences debate and provide useful insights of application in entrepreneurship education with orientation towards the business creation.

pdf/from-stand-up-to-start-up-exploring-entrepreneurship-55tcxetvlp.pdf

From stand-up to start-up: exploring entrepreneurship competences and STEM women’s intention

This paper presents a review of studies that estimate the cost of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Although the Sustainable Development Goals provide useful benchmarks for fiscal authorities and donors, typical cross-country costing exercises can be misleading, for a variety of reasons: double counting, sensitivity to underlying assumptions, downplaying the critical role of policy and institutions in advancing toward the goals, failure to discount costs or consider operation and maintenance costs in a consistent manner, and overlooking the tendency for different types of Sustainable Development Goal–related spending to have distinct effects. Recent costing studies by the World Bank Group have been developed to minimize the drawbacks of earlier studies. The paper also briefly reviews how the World Bank Group engages with stakeholders on the Sustainable Development Goals agenda.

Understanding the Cost of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Across Africa, Innovation and ICT entrepreneurship are increasingly recognised as important enablers of national and regional socio-economic growth. However, the level of skills capacity, indigenous entrepreneurial expertise and policy support varies considerably. This research study was informed by a semi-structured, moderated focus group involving five public and four education and research stakeholders from eight African Member States. It focused on identifying factors impacting on the current level of open innovation and ICT entrepreneurship in Africa. Organised in Lilongwe, Malawi on 08 May 2015 during IST-Africa Week 2015, a purposive approach was applied to identify the nine informants based on intensity sampling. The results highlighted six main factors: a) level of political will reflected by resource prioritisation; b) alignment with national development plans and associated funding priorities; c) level of understanding of strategic benefits by ministers and senior civil servants; d) level of awareness and sensitization of the general public, e) availability of national innovation and entrepreneurial expertise; and f) willingness and capacity to cooperate with other stakeholders to achieve common goals. Future research will capture perspectives from the private, societal and international donor sectors, and create and validate potential models/methodologies to address the challenges and opportunities identified in this study.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2016.tb00526.x

Factors Impacting on the Current Level of Open Innovation and ICT Entrepreneurship in Africa

Growth in any economy comes from (i) growth in inputs of production; (ii) improvements in the efficiency of allocation of inputs across economic activities; and (iii) innovation that creates new products, devises new uses for existing products, and increases the efficiency of input use. Analysis of sources of economic growth finds that the biggest differences between developed and developing economies are in innovation performances. Innovation is critical for economic growth, but it also becomes increasingly important for addressing major development challenges, such as the ones related to inclusion and sustainability. Recognizing this pattern, many countries are attempting to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. Market and government failures and other bottlenecks impede innovation and entrepreneurship, particularly in developing countries. These countries need to build the capacity to find, absorb, and use new technologies and processes as well as foster entrepreneurs who can take risks, look for finance, and bring new products and processes to market. The most important source of innovation in developing countries involves the adaptation of technologies and processes that exist elsewhere but may be new to the country or firm. However, innovation can also come from local efforts, with many low- and middle-income countries becoming important sources of incremental innovation. Given its global role, developmental mandate, and combination of public and private sector expertise, the World Bank Group is uniquely positioned to play an important role in helping countries build their innovation capabilities. The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) identified an investment portfolio of $18.7 billion in innovation and entrepreneurship interventions over the past decade across the World Bank Group. IEG found that this investment is substantial, but its effectiveness can be enhanced through broad, systemic efforts on a set of complementary actions. At the corporate level, the Bank Group has to articulate a clear vision of how innovation will be used to solve major development problems and how this vision can be transformed into workable solutions. Given the rapidly changing development context, urgent action is required to enhance coordination, consultation, or linkages on innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives across networks, sectors, and regions, as well as across the Bank Group institutions. Another challenge is to develop practical solutions for people who earn less than $2 a day. This is not a low-income country agenda but one that is also relevant for middle-income countries with large segments of their population living in poverty. Sustained efforts are required to experiment with different mechanisms and implementation arrangements. Also important are monitoring and evaluation systems to facilitate scale-up of promising interventions and mechanisms to effectively capture and share knowledge from operations within and across the Bank.

World Bank Group support for innovation and entrepreneurship : an independent evaluation

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World Bank Group support for innovation and entrepreneurship : an independent evaluation