OBJECTIVE\nTo determine if central corneal thickness (CCT) is related to the level of glaucoma severity at the initial examination.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe initial visit to a glaucoma specialist by consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma from 1997 to 2002 was reviewed retrospectively. Each patient's age, sex, race, family history of glaucoma, number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, CCT, visual field data, and vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratios were analyzed.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThree hundred fifty eyes of 190 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Central corneal thickness was significantly lower in blacks (mean, 537 microm) than in whites (mean, 556 microm). Lower CCT was significantly associated with worsened Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score, worsened mean deviation of visual field, increased vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratios, and increased number of glaucoma medications. In multivariate analysis, lower CCT was significantly associated with worsened Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score, worsened mean deviation of visual field, and increased vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratios.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nCentral corneal thickness is a powerful clinical factor in determining glaucoma severity at the initial examination by a specialist. Measuring CCT may aid the ophthalmologist in identification of glaucoma patients at high risk for progression.

Central Corneal Thickness as a Risk Factor for Advanced Glaucoma Damage

Myopia-Related Optic Disc and Retinal Changes in Adolescent Children from Singapore

Major review: Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Evidence in the recent literature has highlighted the importance of central corneal thickness (CCT) in relation to several ocular and non-ocular conditions. Most notably, thinner CCT has been identified as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. Despite having an extensive knowledge of the structure and function of the cornea, little is known about the pathways that determine CCT. There are data to suggest however that CCT has a strong genetic component. Heritability studies conducted in twins and family pedigrees indicate that CCT is one of the most highly heritable human traits, whereas data from a diverse range of ethnic groups show clear ethnic-related differences in CCT. Extreme CCT measurements have also been associated with rare genetic diseases. Although there is strong evidence supporting a genetic component to normal CCT variation, to date, no genes have been identified. This review investigates the current literature surrounding this topic and explores the significance of understanding the genetics of CCT and how this might benefit the field of open-angle glaucoma treatment and research.

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/94/8/971.full.pdf

The genetics of central corneal thickness

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and determine whether there are any correlations between CCT, age, and sex in the adult Lithuanian population. METHODS A total of 1,650 Caucasians of Lithuanian origin (aged 18-89 years) comprising 688 (41.7%) men and 962 (58.3%) women were examined. Subjects were stratified by age into seven groups. CCT was measured using ultrasonic pachymetry. Correlations between CCT, age, and sex were sought. RESULTS Mean (± standard deviation) CCT for both eyes was 544.6±30.5 μm. Mean CCT was 545.2±30.5 μm in the left eye and 544.6±30.5 μm in the right eye, and was 545.0±25.6 μm in men and 544.4±33.5 μm in women. Mean CCT was 550.8±35.7 μm in subjects aged 18-29 years, 557.5±27.6 μm in those aged 30-39 years, 551.3±31.4 μm in those aged 50-59 years, 544.0±31.4 μm in those aged 50-59 years, 544.2±31.6 μm in those aged 60-79 years, 535.1±27.8 μm in those aged 70-79 years, and 530.1±16.8 μm in those aged 80-89 years. No statistically significant difference in CCT was found between the sexes (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in subjects aged 18-29 years; men had higher CCT than women (P<0.05). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between CCT and age (r=-0.263, P<0.05) that was stronger in men (r=-0.406, P<0.05) than in women (r=-0.118, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The mean CCT in adult Lithuanians was 544.6±30.5 μm, of the left eye 545.2±30.5 μm and of the right - 544.6±30.5 μm. CCT of the right eye was equal to the CCT of both eyes. Mean CCT was 545.0±25.6 μm in men and 544.4±33.5 μm in women. Young men tended to have higher CCT than women. CCT decreases over the lifetime, meaning that older people have thinner corneas. CCT's dependence on age is stronger in men.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=20843

Age-related changes in central corneal thickness in normal eyes among the adult Lithuanian population

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and topographic parameters of optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy eyes. METHODS Right eyes of 208 healthy subjects between 40 and 59 years of age with refractive error less than 1 D were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Ultrasonic pachymeter was used to measure CCT, and the ONH parameters were obtained by using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Relationship of various topographic parameters to age and sex were also investigated. For statistical analysis Student t test, analysis of variance, Pearson and Spearman test, and partial correlation coefficients were used. RESULTS Mean CCT of subjects was 540.71+/-35.53 micronm (462-621 micronm), and the mean disc area was 2.37+/- 0.44 mm2 (1.28-3.66 mm2). CCT showed negative correlations to disc area, rim area, rim volume, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) area. These correlations were found to be stronger in females. Negative correlations were demonstrated between age and the mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, RNFL thickness, and RNFL cross sectional area. Women had lesser rim volumes, but bigger cup to disk (C/D) area and linear C/D ratios compared to those of men. CONCLUSIONS In addition to its effect in the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurements, CCT has a structural relationship with the ONH in healthy nonglaucomatous eyes. Therefore, its effect on disc area might be especially important to explain the structural strength of the ONH in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Relationship between central corneal thickness and parameters of optic nerve head topography in healthy subjects.

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Relationship between central corneal thickness and parameters of optic nerve head topography in healthy subjects.