Water pollution not only affects water quality but also threats human health, economic developments & social prosperity Internationally there are number of attempts made to produce a method that meaningfully integrates the data sets and converts them into simple information called as Water Quality Index (WQI) Water quality indices are used as comprehensive evaluation instrument to assess the river water quality. Water quality index makes expert knowledge available to expert users and public in general. The indices are formulated based either on studies conducted by the indices developers or are formulated based on the Delphi technique which takes into account the opinion of experts or mathematical formulation or by using fuzzy logic. In this study the water quality index is developed by assigning relative weights to each parameter ranging from 1 to 6 based on the adverse effect of the water quality parameter on human health, its concentration with respect to other water quality parameters and method of treatment required. It includes twenty five water quality parameters such as Color water temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Suspended Solids (SS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Sulfates (SO 4 - - ),, Chlorides, Total Phosphates ( TP - ), Calcium (Ca ++ ) , Magnesium (Mg ++ ), Fluorides Ammonium- Nitrogen (NH 3-N), Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO 3-N), Nitrite-Nitrogen (NO 2-N) Total coliform (TC), Fecal coliform (FC), Sodium (Na+) and Boron(B) Water quality is categorized into five levels based on the values of water quality index as Excellent (WQI = 95 to 100), Good (WQI = 80 to 94), Fair (WQI = 65 to 79), Marginal (WQI = 45 to 64) and Poor (WQI = 0 to 44). The sensitivity analysis shows that this WQI is not influenced by any one or few parameters but it is a combined effect of all the parameters. It is applied to Purna (Tapi) river basin of Maharashtra (India).

Development and sensitivity analysis of water quality index for evaluation of surface water for drinking purpose

Diversity of aquatic insects in relation to the physicochemical parameters of the river Buriganga and Shitalakhya were studied from January to December 2013. A total of 9,891 individuals of aquatic insects representing 22 families under 6 orders were collected and identified. Higher number of insects were recorded from the river Shitalakhya (5,493) than the river Buriganga (4,398). Representatives of the family Culicidae were found to be dominant in the river Buriganga (23.28%) than Shitalakhya (20.70%). Specimens under the order Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were found only in the river Shitalakhya. The highest diversity of Shannon Weiner Index (2.98), Evenness (0.98) and Taxa Richness (0.98) were recorded in the river Shitalakhya than the river Buriganga. This indicated the less pollution and presence of higher diversity of aquatic insects in the Shitalakhya river. The highest temperature, pH, EC, TDS, COD was observed in Buriganga in dry season and highest DO was observed in Shitalakhya in monsoon. From the present investigation it may be concluded here that the river Buriganga was more polluted than the river Shitalakhya. Bangladesh J. Zool. 43 (1): 63-72, 2015

/pdf/abundance-of-aquatic-insects-in-relation-to-physico-chemical-30t42xxa7b.pdf

Abundance of aquatic insects in relation to physico-chemical parameters of two highly polluted Rivers Sitalakkhya and the Buriganga

The extremely high rate of Evaporation from water surfaces day by day is reducing the optimal utilization of water reservoirs. The work presented in this study aims to investing the use of Chemical films as Evapo Suppretants for reduction of evaporation from the open water surface so as to increase the storage efficiency. Particular emphasis will be on practical procedures and techniques that professionals can use to estimate and/or to suppress evaporation from shallow water bodies. The natural evaporation loss taking place from pan evaporimeters of two alcohols were observed and compared. The important meteorological factors affecting the natural evaporation such as Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Velocity, Sunshine Hours, etc . were also observed. Cetyl and Stearyl Alcohols were selected to reduce the evaporation during the study period in Aurangabad region with two US Class-A evaporation pans. Different concentrations of Cetyl and Stearyl alcohols were used in different pans. First pan EP 1 was filled with water without adding chemical while in pan EP 2 alcohols was added. The preliminary results of the study indicated that evaporation rate from surface water was reduced overall upto 28% in pan EP 2 as compared to pan EP 1 while the Cetyl alcohol individually gives the average reduction is 27% and the Stearyl alcohol gives 27% and Both Cetyl and Stearyl Alcohol combine gives the average reduction is 30%. The Penman’s Equation is used to compare the evaporation values in evaporation pan 1.

Evaporation suppression from water surfaces using chemical films

Rapid industrialization around riverside without having proper environmental consideration causes severe water pollution in our country. On accordance with the consecution of this problem the study was conducted to investigate the water quality of Narai canal and Balu river during January to June, 2012. Water quality parameter analysis i.e. color, odor, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH 4 ) results show that except pH all exceeded standard limit for domestic water use, irrigation and fish cultivation. The minimum and maximum values of pH, TDS, DO and NH 4 were 6.89-7.33, 982-1308 ppm, 0.33-2.12 ppm and 6.79-89.76 ppm, respectively. Present analysis with secondary research data also revealed that this pollution rate is becoming intensified quickly which may pose a great threat in future for human health, ecosystem and sustainable agricultural production. So, Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) is urgently needed to minimize the concentration of pollutants and ultimately to save the river water of the concerned area. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 285-290, December 2014

/pdf/water-quality-of-narai-canal-and-balu-river-of-dhaka-city-an-39i3ubqbho.pdf

Water quality of Narai canal and Balu river of Dhaka City: An impact of industrialization

Dhaka is one of the most densely-populated cities in the world. All the economic activities in Bangladesh are Dhaka centric. Water supply problem is acute in this city. This work is on assessment of the water quality of rivers in and around Dhaka city over the years. Mainly, this paper deals with the present scenario of surface water quality and comparison with the past scenario of water quality among the Buriganga, Shitalakhya, Turag, Balu River and Tangi Khal. Besides, this study will also observe the seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters of this river. From the study it is found that, maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the Buriganga River during February in 2010 and 2011. Maximum Dissolved Oxygen (DO) observed in the year of 2010 was 10 mg/l in the Turag River. On the other hand, the Turbidity was found, varies from 7.0 to 85.0. Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) is urgently needed to tenderize the concentration of industrial pollutants, supposed to be disposed to the River.

Analysis and comparision of surface water quality parameters in and around dhaka city

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Analysis and comparision of surface water quality parameters in and around dhaka city