International Development: Growth and Change

Information on operating conditions based on direct experience in a country is likely to be the information most credible to foreign investors. But for investors new to a country, information inferred from observing others investing in that country may be more influential - and may lead to cascading investments in that country, as happened in China and Vietnam. Countries that do not draw a critical mass of investors are in danger of being bypassed by investors. Using a specially designed survey of Japanese firms planning investments in Asia, Kinoshita and Mody emphasize the importance of privately held information in making foreign investment decisions. Information on operating conditions based on direct experience in a country is likely to be the most credible information, but for investors new to a country, information inferred from observing others investing in that country may be more influential. Initially, in fact, observing the actions of competitors seems to lead to cascading investments in that country, apparently through herd behavior (as in China and Vietnam). Countries which do not draw a critical mass of investors are in danger of being bypassed for significant periods. Publicly available information is important in helping shape average perceptions about a country, leading potential investors to view particular locations favorably. Privately held information complements that public information, and accounts for important variations in investment plans. Subjective perceptions about policy on foreign direct investment are also important. Policy designed to attract investors - for example, special zones for foreign investors - have been successful in many instances, especially in East Asia, but have also been a waste of scarce investment resources when not appropriately planned. And such policy is of little value in attracting those already investing in a country, or those who already perceive rivals to be active there. This paper - a product of the East Asia and Pacific Regional Office - is part of a larger effort in the department to study trends in foreign investment in the region.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID569222_code382649.pdf?abstractid=569222&mirid=5

What Determines the Rate of Growth and Technological Change

The applications of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) have been extensively studied recently due to its eco-friendly and high-strength nature. However, one of the significant limitations of MOC is its poor water resistance. To address this limitation, this study explored the prospect of incorporating biochar particles (up to 25 % of the dry mass of MgO) to form lightweight MOC with improved water resistance. The compressive (fc) and flexural (ff) strengths were investigated after 28-day curing and under 56-day water attack. The fc of MOC after immersion was determined under both wet (directly after immersion) and dry (air-dried to constant weights) conditions. The results indicated that the inclusion of 5 % and 10 % biochar increased the 28-day fc, while the addition of biochar decreased ff regardless of its dosage. Microscopic examination uncovered that the increase in strength resulted from the promoted production of phase 5 (5 Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O) and the reduction in unreacted MgO. The inclusion of 5 % and 10 % biochar increased the compressive and flexural strength retention ratios after 56-day immersion. The ff with 5 % biochar inclusion after immersion was higher compared to that of pure MOC. Moreover, the inclusion of biochar had minimal effects on the thermal degradation of MOC. The above results suggest that biochar can be a potential additive to enhance the mechanical behaviour and water resistance of MOC. As fc of immersed MOC increased during air-drying, a new equation was developed to describe variations in fc of MOC subject to different degrees of saturation during drying. 

Mechanical performance and water resistance of biochar admixture lightweight magnesium oxychloride cement.

This study explores the linkage between openness and economic growth in 86 developing and OECD countries from 1977 to 2011, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimations. The empirical findings reveal that openness generally promotes economic growth in developing and OECD countries. This is consistent with the endogenous growth theory which states that growth increases with trade openness.

Openness and economic growth in developing and OECD countries

This study analyzes the asymmetric association between trade openness and economic growth in 20 highly open Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. A novel technique, quantile-on-quant...

Asymmetric openness-growth nexus in 20 highly open OIC countries: Evidence from quantile-on-quantile regression approach

Manufacturing of high-performance light-weight mortar through addition of biochars of millet and maize

Bangladesh adopted a liberal economic regime, particularly in the areas of trade, finance, and capital account, since mid-1980s. This paper attempts to investigate empirically the causality relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth in Bangladesh by employing co-integration and granger causality techniques of time series econometrics for the period of 1975-2010. The data on trade liberalization and economic growth are taken from the world development indicators. The empirical results reveal that there exist short run and long run co-integration and causality relationships among variables in the growth model. It implies that trade openness policies may be feasible with sustained economic growth. It is also found that causality runs from economic growth to trade liberalization. The results are also consistent with the growth theories and economic literature.

/pdf/trade-liberalization-and-economic-growth-what-s-the-1amf3z2iax.pdf

“Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: What’s The Empirical Relationship in Bangladesh?”

Improved fracture response and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of cementitious composites incorporating pyrolytic bagasse fibers and pine needles

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Manufacturing of high-performance light-weight mortar through addition of biochars of millet and maize

“Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: What’s The Empirical Relationship in Bangladesh?”

Improved fracture response and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of cementitious composites incorporating pyrolytic bagasse fibers and pine needles