http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844022024057/pdf

Valorization of agricultural wastes for biofuel applications

Optimization of biodiesel production from rice bran oil by ultrasound and infrared radiation using ANN-GWO

Rice bran is a brownish powder layer that covers the rice grain, being a co-product generated during the grain milling process and is usually underused for animal feed or burned as a low-cost fuel. However, comprising between 5 and 10 wt% of the rice grain, this biomass is a source of minerals, fatty acids, fiber and sterols, containing also up to 25 wt% of oil. Because it contains an active lipase in its composition that hydrolyses its triglycerides into free fatty acids, crude rice bran oil typically contains a high acidity that makes its consumption unfeasible. Moreover, the defatted or de-oiled biomass is a lignocellulosic material which, through an adequate pre-treatment to reduce its recalcitrant structure, can be used in different sector, especially to produce biofuels. Given its functionality, this review describes recent scientific approaches to how rice bran is being used to prepare biofuels (mainly biodiesel from rice bran oil, or bio-oil, biochar, biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, and biobutanol from defatted biomass). Furthermore, the properties and characteristics that motivate the use of this material to synthesize fuels are reviewed, the main pre-treatment techniques necessary to remove part of the lignin from its lignocellulosic matrix and allow the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose as well as the challenges for the expansion as an energetic feedstock. 

Motivations to produce biofuels from rice bran: An overview involving a recent panorama

The conversion of lignocellulosic agricultural waste into biofuels and other economically valuable compounds can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, reduce harmful gas emissions, support the sustainability of natural resources, including water, and minimize the amount of waste in landfills, thus reducing environmental degradation. In this paper, the conversion of agricultural wastes into biomethane, biohydrogen, biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, and bio-oil is reviewed, with special emphasis on primary and secondary agricultural residues as substrates. Some novel approaches are mentioned that offer opportunities to increase the efficiency of waste valorization, e.g., hybrid systems. In addition to physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment of waste, some combined methods to mitigate the negative effects of various recalcitrant compounds on waste processing (alkali-assisted thermal pretreatment, thermal hydrolysis pretreatment, and alkali pretreatment combined with bioaugmentation) are evaluated. In addition, the production of volatile fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, biochar, hydrochar, cellulosic nanomaterials, and selected platform chemicals from lignocellulosic waste is described. Finally, the potential uses of biofuels and other recovered products are discussed. 

Agricultural Wastes and Their By-Products for the Energy Market

Biodiesel production from Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng seed oil

An Ultrasound Assisted Transesterification to Optimize Biodiesel Production from Rice Bran Oil

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an effective fabrication process to modify ultrafine grain size. It is believed that the smaller grain size could improve the mechanical properties. In the present work, the solution treatment applied to Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy. Furthermore, two models of ECAP have been done through one-to-three pass at room temperature. The microstructures were observed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micro-hardness of longitudinal plane was analyzed by vickers hardness test. The strength of ECAP materials at room temperature was obtained by using tensile test. The results show that the ECAP process has improved mechanical properties of alloys, which were the hardness and ultimate tensile strength tend to increase since single pass stage.

The Effect of Process Route on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Aluminum Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Mn Alloys

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An Ultrasound Assisted Transesterification to Optimize Biodiesel Production from Rice Bran Oil

The Effect of Process Route on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Aluminum Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Mn Alloys