This study was aimed to assess the enzymatic activity and pathogenicity potential of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against whiteflies in Ethiopia.The data showed that Beauveria bassiana AAUMB-29, AAUMFB-77, and AAUEB-59 generated the highest chitinase (EI = 3.41), lipase (EI = 4.45), and protease activities (EI = 5.44) respectively. The pathogenicity study of isolates on whitefly nymphs and adults indicated significant variation (P < 0.05) with mortality ranging from 71.67 to 98.33% and 60 to 100% against Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum nymphs respectively. The mortality of adults was between 58 and 94.27% against B. tabaci and 59.03 to 95.37% against T.vaporariorum. The result also showed that AAUMB-29, AAUMFB-77, and AAUDM-43 were the most virulent with LC50 values of 2.7 × 104, 5.3 × 104, and 5.4 × 104 conidia/ml against nymphs of B. tabaci, and with LC50 values 6.8 × 104, 8.2 × 104, and 7.2 × 104 conidia/ml against nymphs of T. vaporariorum, respectively. The B. bassiana AAUMB-29, B. bassiana AAUMFB-77, and M. anisopliae AAUDM-43 induced the highest whitefly mortality than other isolates. These isolates can be recommended for further tests under field conditions to fully realize their potential as effective biocontrol agents against whitefly pests in tomato. 

/pdf/extracellular-enzyme-activity-of-entomopathogenic-fungi-160droyd.pdf

Extracellular enzyme activity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and their pathogenicity potential as a bio-control agent against whitefly pests, Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

The common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), is a well-known biocontrol agent. The current study examined host plant-herbivore-predator interactions with C. carnea and Myzus persicae on four host plants (peach, almond, pepper, and potato). The experiments were carried out at 25 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% RH at a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h). Duration of the preadult growth period, adult longevity, fecundity, and population growth parameters were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The shortest and longest preadult developmental times of the predator were observed on the peach and potato, respectively. The highest and lowest predation rate, oviposition period, and male and female longevity of predator were also observed on the peach and potato, respectively. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were observed on the potato (0.1087 and 1.11 d-1, respectively) and the highest on the peach (0.1460 and 1.15 d-1, respectively). The maximum and minimum mean generation times (T) were 41.84 and 35.59 d in the potato and peach, respectively. Overall, peach was found to be a more appropriate host than the other host plants for development and predation fitness of C. carnea. These findings reveal that information on tritrophic interactions and subsequent life table evaluation of natural enemies improves integrated pest management programs.

Host Plant-Herbivore-Predator Interactions in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Four Plant Species Under Laboratory Conditions.

The present study was carried out to find the correlation between population dynamics of whitefly and leafhopper with weather variables from June-November 2013 to June-November 2016 and June-November 2015 to June-November 2016, respectively. The main objectives of the study are to observe the population dynamic and correlate the population of whitefly and leafhopper with various climatic factors. The results revealed that peak population of whitefly was recorded in last fortnight of September in 2013(98.60 whitefly adult per 3leaves), 2014(101.00 whitefly adult per 3leaves) and 2016 (38.42 whitefly adult per 3leaves) whereas it shifted towards early season i.e. from July to August during 2015(Range=28.00-123.60 whitefly adults per 3 leaves). Leaf hopper peak infestation was observed in first fortnight of July during 2015(4.20 leafhopper per 3 leaves) and 2016(4.60 leafhopper per 3 leaves). Simple correlations studies revealed that during 2013 and 2014, the whitefly population was negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. During 2015, population of whitefly showed a significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r=0.657) and evening humidity (r=0.833) whereas during 2016, it was negatively correlated with rainfall and non-significant positive correlation with all other factors. Leaf hopper has a non-significant positive correlation with all the three weather variables during 2015 whereas negative correlation with temperature during 2016 and positive correlation with all other weather variables.

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue4/PartM/5-3-292-730.pdf

Population dynamics of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and leaf hopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida in cotton and their relationship with climatic factors

Development of resistance in stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) against deltamethrin and its effective control by synergistic toxicity of bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9845/1/Tahammal%20Hussain_Agri%20Entomology_2018_UAF_PRR.pdf

Comparison of Seasonal incidence and integrated pest management of helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) on Bt and non Bt cotton in Punjab, Pakistan

Studies on the population, host preference and feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on different insect hosts were conducted in field and laboratory conditions in the year 2011. The results revealed that the maximum numbers of Bemisia tabaci 19.84 (±2.46), Aphis gossypii 23.14 (±0.84), Amrasca devastan 13.42 (±2.10) and mealybug 50.62 (±5.44) per leaf were found on cotton crop. Similarly, maximum population of B. tabaci, A. devastan, and eggs of Bagarada Picta was recorded as 9.44 (±1.14), 6.44 (±0.74), 38.13 (±1.44) and 22.144 (±7.83), respectively on mustard crop. More activities of C. carnea (0.32±0.10) per plant were recorded on mustard as compared to cotton (0.32±0.14). The population of C. canea was negatively correlated with B. tabaci population (-0.019 NS) and positively with A. devastan (0.145 NS), A. gossypii (0.700**) and mealybug (0.834**), respectively on cotton. Similarly, negative correlation with B. tabaci population (-0.193 NS) and positive correlations with A. devastan (0.202NS), L . erysimi (0.923**) and B. picta (0.925**), respectively were recorded on mustard crop. The 3rd instar larvae voraciously fed on 3rd instar nymphs of all sucking insects. They consumed 66.14 (±2.18) A. gossypii, 61.14 (±1.06) P. solinopsis, 32.78 (±1.32) B. tabaci and 19.66 (±1.34) A. devastans, respectively. The green lacewing fed 30.37 (±1.51) aphid day-1, followed by mealy bug (12.30± 1.48), whiteflies (1.94± 0.30), and jassid (0.43±0.095). It is concluded from the results that C. carnea displayed its maximum activities when pest population were at their peaks. The third instar grubs were voracious on 3rd instars of all prey hosts. A. gossypii was the most preferred host in cotton and L. erysimi in mustard crop. B. tabaci had no impact on population activities of C. carnea.

/pdf/population-host-preference-and-feeding-potential-of-2b2k0c88bz.pdf

Population, Host Preference and Feeding Potential of Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) on Different Insect Hosts in Cotton and Mustard Crops

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is economically important fungal pathogen with wide host range. In this study we found morphological and phenotypical variation among isolates of the fungus infecting sunflower crop in Sindh province of Pakistan. Thirty two M. phaseolina isolates were obtained from infected plant samples of sunflower collected from different ten districts viz., Badin, Thatta, Hyderabad, Tando Muhammad Khan, Shaheed Benazirabad, Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Dadu, Sukkur and Khairpur. Significant variation in characteristics was noticed among collected isolates. They were usually black, blackish-gray, grayish-black and gray in colony color. Generally three growths pattern; dense, feathery and restricted were seem. Among them dense was most common (50.0%) followed by feathery (34.36%) and restricted (15.64%). Maximum colony growth (90.0%) and minimum (65.0%) was recorded after 7 days of inoculation on medium. Feathery growth was generally fast and restricted growth was slow. Maximum average linear colony growth (13 mm) and minimum (9 mm) growth was noted. Isolates showed significantly varied sizes of microsclerotia. Maximum sclerotia size (124.0 µm) was obtained from fields of Badin while, minimum size of microsclerotia (83.0 µm) from sunflower fields of Sukkur. Microsclerotia from dense growth pattern were black and big in size and small microsclerotia from gray growth pattern.
Keywords: Charcoal rot; Isolates and Characterization; Macrophomina phaseolina; Sunflower
http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700152

https://mail.thepab.org/index.php/journal/article/download/640/389

Isolation and characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates prevailing in Sindh, Pakistan.

A field study was carried out to examine the resistance potential of promising cotton cultivars to insect pest infestation, during the year 2012. Five cotton varieties were examined for their resistance against insect pests including Hari Dost, Shahbaz-95, NIAB-78, Sindh-1 and Bt Cotton. The insect pests monitored in this study included thrips, jassid, whitefly and bollworms. The experimental process for monitoring the insect pests was initiated on 15 th June 2012 and lasted on 12 th October, 2012. The results showed that thrips population was significantly (P<0.01) lowest (6.28/plant) on Haridost, against 9.22/plant on NIAB-78, 13.79/plant on Bt cotton 14.89/plant on Sindh-1. while the highest thrips population (15.21/plant) was recorded on  Shahbaz-95. The peak thrips population was noted on 12 th July observation on all three verities while on Bt cotton, the peak thrips population was recorded on 19 th July. Bt Cotton. The peak activities of jassid was recorded in the month of August. Overall mean showed that the signifactly highest (P<0.01) population of jassid was recorded as (3.59/leaf) on Sindh1 followed by Bt cotton (2.81/leaf), Shahbaz (2.80/leaf), Niab -78 (2.19/leaf) and Hari dost (1.63/leaf). Similarly, whitefly was found active in month of July and Augest. Significantly, more population (P<0.01) was recorded on Sindh-1 (3.20/leaf) and minimum on Haridost (1.40/leaf). Bollworms infestation was significantly lowest (P<0.01), (2.04/plant) on Bt cotton against 2.56/plant on NIAB-78, 3.04/plant on Haridost, 3.22/plant on Sindh-1; while the highest bollworms population (3.36/plant) was observed on cotton variety Shahbaz-95. Bt cotton variety showed considerable resistance against bollworm complex, while NIAB-78 also showed some resistance against sucking. The infestation of sucking insect pests on haridost. Shahbaz and Sindh-1 as compared to Bt cotton. The infestation of thrips, and whitefly was  peaked in the month of July. While Jassid was found most active in August. Bollworms appeared in first week of July and remained active in the field in relatively higher population upto the mid of September and later decreased to negligible level. Keywords: Cultivar Resistance, Insect Infestation

/pdf/insect-infestation-on-bt-and-non-bt-cotton-cultivars-5g25j9u5po.pdf

Insect Infestation on Bt. and Non-Bt. Cotton Cultivars

The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a well-known pest of vegetables and ornamental cash crops including tomato plant. Tomato plant disorders, in many instances, are related mostly with the silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) feeding. It is well thought out that tomato plant is one of the most favorable host plants for the whitefly. Thus we aimed to study distinctive morphological characteristics of the leaves in seven selected tomato varieties including trichome density, trichome length, leaf lamina thickness and RGB value (red, green, blue) and HSB value (hue, saturation, brightness). Seven hybrid F1 tomato varieties such as TO-1057, TAI-1757, T‑1359, Advanta-1247, New Super, Sultan and Super were tested for the whitefly preferences. Our study suggests that T‑1359 is the highly preferred variety for the whitefly adults (5.32 ± 0.81) and nymphs (6.30 ± 1.13) population. In contrast, Advanta-1247 exhibits the lowest population of whitefly adults (2.71 ± 0.70) and nymphs (1.88 ± 0.43). This study systematically identifies the morphological characters of the tomato plants alongside the whitefly population. The study can be potentially extended to other crops as well.

Investigation of Varietal Characteristics of Tomato Plants for Determining the Diverse Preferences of Bemisia Tabaci (Aleyrodidea: Hemiptera)

Population density and aggressiveness of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from Sindh, Pakistan.

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