Abbas Hamrang

Abstract: As science and technology advance in the 21st century, progress in many fields will depend on the discovery and development of new materials, processed in more complex ways, and with new kinds of properties. It is widely recognized that the progress of history has been divided into periods characterized by the materials that mankind has used, e.g., the stone age, the bronze age, the iron age. Today, materials science and engineering is critical to all other fields of engineering, and advances in other fields are often limited by advances in materials.