Aart Kraay

TL;DR: The authors found that the share of income accruing to the bottom quintile does not vary systematically with the average income, and that when average income rises, the average incomes of the poorest fifth of society rise proportionately.

TL;DR: The authors found that individuals with low confidence in institutions exhibit low levels of political participation, show increased tolerance for violent means to achieve political ends, and have a greater desire to "... " and have higher desire to commit violence to achieve their political ends.

TL;DR: The authors found that the change in the share of income of the poorest two quintiles in a global dataset spanning 118 countries over the past four decades is small and uncorrelated with changes in average income, implying that the latter accounts for most of the variation in income growth in the poorest quintiles.

TL;DR: The authors empirically decompose changes in poverty in a large sample of developing countries into three components: a high rate of growth of average incomes, a high sensitivity of poverty to growth in average incomes; and a poverty-reducing pattern of growth in relative incomes.