Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistics for Spatial Data.

The use of stable isotopes to solve biogeochemical problems in ecosystem analysis is increasing rapidly because stable isotope data can contribute both source-sink (tracer) and process information: The elements C, N, S, H, and all have more than one isotope, and isotopic compositions of natural materials can be measured with great precision with a mass spectrometer. Isotopic compositions change in predictable ways as elements cycle through the biosphere. These changes have been exploited by geochemists to understand the global elemental cycles. Ecologists have not until quite recently employed these techniques. The reasons for this are, first, that most ecologists do not have the background in chemistry and geochemistry to be fully aware of the possibilities for exploiting the natural variations in stable isotopic compositions, and second, that stable isotope ratio measurements require equipment not normally available to ecologists. This is unfortunate because some of the more intractable problems in ecology can be profitably addressed using stable isotope measurements. Stable isotopes are ideally suited to increase our understanding of element cycles in ecosystems. This review is written for ecologists who would like to learn more about how stable isotope analyses have been and can be used in ecosystem studies. We begin with an explanation of isotope terminology and fractionation, then summarize isotopic distributions in the C, N, and S biogeochemical cycles, and conclude with five case studies that show how stable isotope measurements can provide crucial information for ecosystem analysis. We restrict this review to studies of natural variations in C, N, and S isotopic abundances, cxcluding from consideration ~5N enrichment studies and hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies. Our focus on C, N, and S derives in part from our

Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies

Aquatic chemistry is becoming both a rewarding and substantial area of inquiry and is drawing many prominent scientists to its fold. Its literature has changed from a compilation of compositional tables to studies of the chemical reactions occurring within the aquatic environments. But more than this is the recognition that human society in part is determining the nature of aquatic systems. Since rivers deliver to the world ocean most of its dissolved and particulate components, the interactions of these two sets of waters determine the vitality of our coastal waters. This significant vol ume provides not only an introduction to the dynamics of aquatic chem istries but also identifies those materials that jeopardize the resources of both the marine and fluvial domains. Its very title provides its emphasis but clearly not its breadth in considering natural processes. The book will be of great value to those environmental scientists who are dedicated to keeping the resources of the hydrosphere renewable. As the size of the world population becomes larger in the near future and as the uses of materials and energy show parallel increases, the rivers and oceans must be considered as a resource to accept some of the wastes of society. The ability of these waters and the sediments below them to accommodate wastes must be assessed continually. The key questions relate to the capacities of aqueous systems to carry one or more pollutants."

Metal pollution in the aquatic environment

We review the biogeography of microorganisms in light of the biogeography of macroorganisms A large body of research supports the idea that free-living microbial taxa exhibit biogeographic patterns Current evidence confirms that, as proposed by the Baas-Becking hypothesis, 'the environment selects' and is, in part, responsible for spatial variation in microbial diversity However, recent studies also dispute the idea that 'everything is everywhere' We also consider how the processes that generate and maintain biogeographic patterns in macroorganisms could operate in the microbial world

/pdf/microbial-biogeography-putting-microorganisms-on-the-map-1k7e5do5pn.pdf

Microbial biogeography : putting microorganisms on the map

Knowledge of groundwater seepage to and from lakes can be an important component of scientific investigations involving water and geochemical budgets. Measurements of groundwater seepage at Lake Anna, a man-made lake in central Virginia, show that inflow to the lake occurs even under dry summer conditions. Seepage rates were found to be correlated with the elevation of the near-shore water table, which responded rapidly to rainfall events in the fractured rock terrane in which Lake Anna is located. Seepage rates did not decline uniformly with distance offshore. This result contrasts with those for lakes underlain by relatively homogeneous porous media where measurements generally confirm the prediction that seepage rates drop off exponentially with distance from shore. The along shore variability of seepage rates in Lake Anna was related to a topographic index that is used to describe drainage from hillslopes. This suggests that seepage in impoundments such as Lake Anna may be strongly controlled by drainage pathways that pre-date the lake.

Field measurement and associated controlling factors for ground water seepage in a piedmont impoundment

Aspects ofDiversity Measurement forMicrobial Communities

Importance of pattern analysis in community-level physiological profiles (CLPP): a reply to the letter from P.J.A. Howard.

Evaluation oftheAccuracy andPrecision ofEnumerating Aerobic Heterotrophs inWaterSamples bytheSpread Plate Method

Geomicrobiology of Phreatic Caves Associated With Central Florida Springs

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