Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most formidable neurological disorders, affecting millions globally. This review provides a holistic overview of the therapeutic strategies, both conventional and novel, aimed at mitigating the impact of AD. Initially, we delve into the conventional approach, emphasizing the role of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, which has been a cornerstone in AD management. As our understanding of AD evolves, several novel potential approaches emerge. We discuss the promising roles of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition, Tau Protein inhibitors, COX-2 inhibition, PPAR-γ agonism, and FAHH inhibition, among others. The potential of the endocannabinoids (eCB) system, cholesterol-lowering drugs, metal chelators, and MMPs inhibitors are also explored, culminating in the exploration of the pivotal role of microRNA in AD progression. Parallel to these therapeutic insights, we shed light on the novel tools and methodologies revolutionizing AD research. From the quantitative analysis of gene expression by qRTPCR to the evaluation of mitochondrial function using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the advances in diagnostic and research tools offer renewed hope. Moreover, we explore the current landscape of clinical trials, highlighting the leading drug interventions and their respective stages of development. This comprehensive review concludes with a look into the future perspectives, capturing the potential breakthroughs and innovations on the horizon. Through a synthesis of current knowledge and emerging research, this article aims to provide a consolidated resource for clinicians, researchers, and academicians in the realm of Alzheimer's disease. 

Advances in alzheimer's disease: a multifaceted review of potential therapies and diagnostic techniques for early detection

Non-adherence to medication is a longstanding problem, profoundly affecting patient outcomes and sustainability of healthcare systems. Historically, non-adherence has been observed since the time of Hippocrates, however, when potent drugs became available in the midst of the 20th century, it became a pivotal concern. Despite numerous studies and interventions designed, medication adherence rates remain suboptimal, currently reaching about 50 % still, as described in WHO report two decades ago. What is worse, many healthcare professionals feel neither responsible nor able to change it.Enhancing adherence requires in-depth understanding of the concept, as many intuitive approaches fail to work. For example, contrary to expectations, patient education alone proves insufficient when addressing this issue. Both behavioural models and recent experience reflecting low acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations strongly suggest that patients' decisions are driven by emotions, which often results in intentional non-adherence.Several technical innovations, such as smart inhalers and electronic pill dispensers, offer potential solutions. However, their effectiveness varies, and standardized certification procedures are lacking. Altogether, technical solutions do not eliminate the problem entirely. To move forward, social and health system innovation is equally needed. Multiple stakeholders could benefit from improved adherence, therefore their greater involvement is advisable to create an adherence-supporting environment.In conclusion, despite available evidence-based interventions, non-adherence remains a complex challenge. Technical and social innovations, combined with a shift in policy priorities, could lead to improved medication adherence and better patient outcomes. The global tide of non-communicable chronic conditions, and aging of societies urges us to take this problem seriously. 

From non-adherence to adherence: Can innovative solutions resolve a longstanding problem?

Autoimmune uveitis, a severe inflammatory condition of the eye, poses significant challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and the critical balance between protective and detrimental immune responses. Central to this balance are microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, whose roles in autoimmune uveitis are multifaceted and dynamic. This review article delves into the dual nature of microglial functions, oscillating between neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes in the context of autoimmune uveitis. Initially, we explore the fundamental aspects of microglia, including their activation states and basic functions, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of their involvement in autoimmune uveitis. The review then navigates through the intricate mechanisms by which microglia contribute to disease onset and progression, highlighting both their protective actions in immune regulation and tissue repair, and their shift towards a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic profile. Special emphasis is placed on the detailed pathways and cellular interactions underpinning these dual roles. Additionally, the review examines the potential of microglial markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators, offering insights into their clinical relevance. The article culminates in discussing future research directions, and the ongoing challenges in translating these findings into effective clinical applications. By providing a comprehensive overview of microglial mechanisms in autoimmune uveitis, this review underscores the critical balance of microglial activities and its implications for disease management and therapy development. 

Microglial mediators in autoimmune Uveitis: Bridging neuroprotection and neurotoxicity

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01542

Covid-19 Recovery and Growth: Promoting Technology Innovation in Healthcare Sector on Hygiene and Safe Medication Practices in Low-Resourced Nigerian Societies

Objective Chronic disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Recent use of intelligent home environments for remote health monitoring has allowed patients to feel safe at home. By encouraging patient engagement and, if necessary, care delivery, smart home environments may be a useful method for managing chronic diseases at home. The purpose of this study is to synthesize the evidence on the usage of smart healthcare in the home for chronic illness management. Methods We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Methodology and searched three databases from 2017 to 2022 for original research papers on smart healthcare, smart home technology, home-based technology, home monitoring, and physiological monitoring for chronic illness management. We did a descriptive study on the pertinent data we collected, as well as an analysis of whether the devices met its objectives. Results The final analysis included nine papers, the majority of which were randomized controlled trials. All of the studies were carried out in developed countries. The gadgets or smart healthcare in these studies are categorized based on the technology used and the outcomes measured. Respiratory, weight, and ballistocardiograph measurements, as well as changes in questionnaire ratings, hospitalization, activity monitoring, device acceptability, medication adherence, exercise capacity, and body function, were all measured. Conclusion Smart healthcare applications boost health by monitoring health and wellness, recording physical activity and rehabilitation, and improving overall quality of life. Not all smart home applications, however, served their intended purpose. As a result, more research into the efficacy of smart healthcare is needed to improve its application for chronic illness treatment.

Smart home healthcare for chronic disease management: A scoping review

In this paper, we reviewed the various advanced technologies and methods that could help patients for measuring adherence of patients. There exist intelligent technologies that are available for measuring medication adherence, including medication event monitoring system (MEMS®), smart blister packs, radio frequency identification (RFID) embedded smart drawers, and wisely aware RFID dosage (WARD) system. Utilization of these advanced technologies and systems have aided in enhancing the adherence to a greater extent. For example, MEMS® refers to the electronic cap that counts the number of bottles opened, but it can be employed only with bottles. Smart blisters are pharmaceutical packagings that possess the capability of monitoring when a pill or tablet is taken out of its packing. All those intelligent technologies can help in active monitoring of patients regarding adherence and capable of eradicating various medication errors due to which adherence is affected.

A review on emerging smart technological innovations in healthcare sector for increasing patient's medication adherence

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A review on emerging smart technological innovations in healthcare sector for increasing patient's medication adherence