Engineering the electronic band structure of material systems enables the unprecedented exploration of new physical properties that are absent in natural or as-synthetic materials. Half metallicity, an intriguing physical property arising from the metallic nature of electrons with singular spin polarization and insulating for oppositely polarized electrons, holds a great potential for a 100% spin-polarized current for high-efficiency spintronics. Conventionally synthesized thin films hardly sustain half metallicity inherited from their 3D counterparts. A fundamental challenge, in systems of reduced dimensions, is the almost inevitable spin-mixed edge or surface states in proximity to the Fermi level. Here, we predict electric field-induced half metallicity in bilayer A-type antiferromagnetic van der Waals crystals (i.e., intralayer ferromagnetism and interlayer antiferromagnetism), by employing density functional theory calculations on vanadium diselenide. Electric fields lift energy levels of the constituent layers in opposite directions, leading to the gradual closure of the gap of singular spin-polarized states and the opening of the gap of the others. We show that a vertical electrical field is a generic and effective way to achieve half metallicity in A-type antiferromagnetic bilayers and realize the spin field effect transistor. The electric field-induced half metallicity represents an appealing route to realize 2D half metals and opens opportunities for nanoscale highly efficient antiferromagnetic spintronics for information processing and storage.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/34/8511.full.pdf

Electrically induced 2D half-metallic antiferromagnets and spin field effect transistors

Electrodynamical properties of magnetically ordered media are analyzed theoretically. Two types of magnetic materials, namely ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, are considered and the effect of the magnetic subsystem on the properties of the host metal are discussed. Various types of elementary excitations, such as magnetic polaritons, magnetostatic waves, and magnons, are examined within the conventional quasiparticle framework. The dispersion of the quasiparticles as a function of the relation between the characteristic frequencies of electrical and magnetic nature is described over a wide range of frequencies. Particular attention is given to the statistical thermodynamics and kinetics of the magnetic materials. The possibility of Bose–Einstein condensation in a magnon gas is analyzed and the kinetic theory of electron-assisted magnetostatic wave damping in a ferromagnetic metal is developed. The dispersion of surface polaritons is examined in detail. Examples of solutions of spatially non-uniform problems are discussed with allowance made for spatial dispersion, which show this latter to be of particular importance in antiferromagnets.

Magnons, magnetic polaritons, magnetostatic waves

Results of investigating nonlinear regimes of the homogeneous precessional dynamics of magnetization in iron – garnet films with various orientations of crystallographic axes and in metallic thin-film structures are presented. Attention is primarily focused on static and dynamic bistabilities, which, under the effect of an ac magnetic field, lead to the magnetization reversal of the systems, bifurcational changes in the magnetization precession amplitude, or the establishment of both stochastic and complex regular (including auto-oscillating) precessional regimes. The bifurcation diagrams considered reveal diverse possibilities of efficiently controlling the nonlinear dynamics of magnetization in thin-film structures by varying external magnetic fields.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1070/PU2007v050n08ABEH006147/pdf

Nonlinear regular and stochastic dynamics of magnetization in thin-film structures

The dispersion law of electromagnetic waves in thin ferromagnetic films such as nickel is investigated. Spin waves alter the properties of the electromagnetic wave that propagates in this material, and lead to two circular polarized waves. The Hall current, even small, can also have an influence on the propagation whereas in an ordinary metal it can change the kind of wave only if it is much higher than the conduction current.



Nous etudions la loi de dispersion des ondes electromagnetiques dans des lames minces ferromagnetiques comme le nickel. La presence des ondes de spins modifie les proprietes de l'onde electromagnetique qui se propage dans ce materiau et conduit a deux modes a polarisation circulaire. Le courant de Hall měme faible peut aussi influer sur la propagation alors que, dans un metal ordinaire, il ne peut modifier le caractere de l'onde que s'il est beaucoup plus grand que le courant de conduction.

Electrokinetic and spin waves in nickel

A method is proposed for solving Maxwell's equations in ferromagnetic metals, considered as plasmas able to show an anisotropic characterfor conductivity and permeability. In a conductive ferromagnetic plate, electromagnetic and spin waves are coupled and for circularly right-handed polarization give two modes, one of them showing an anomalous dispersion and small losses near antiresonance. This method allows to show an analogy between the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a thin ferromagnetic plate and the propagation along lines for which the characteristics are given. For thin nickel plates, it is possible to find theoretically the singularities of experimental results, and draw out the main results given by several authors thanks to different methods.



Nous proposons une methode de resolution des equations de Maxwell pour les metaux ferromagnetiques consideres comme des plasmas susceptibles de presenter un caractere anisotrope sur la conductivite et al permeabilite. Dans une lame conductrice ferromagnetique, les ondes electromagnetiques et les ondes de spins se couplent et donnent en polarisation circulaire droite deux modes dont l'un presente une dispersion anormale et des pertes faibles au voisinage de l'antiresonance. Cette methode nous permet de faire l'analogie de la propagation des ondes electromagnetiques dans une lame mince ferromagnetique avec la propagation le long de lignes dont nous definissons les caracteristiques. Nous avons pu ainsi trouver theoriquement les singularites des resultats experimentaux dans les lames minces de Nickel et retrouver les principaux resultats theoriques acquis par d'autres methodes par differents auteurs.

Reflexion and transmission of electromagnetic waves for ferromagneticconducting plates

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003701/pdf

Ferromagnetic resonance and plasma effects in metals

Thermodynamics of layered isotropic magnets at low temperatures

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Ferromagnetic resonance and plasma effects in metals

Thermodynamics of layered isotropic magnets at low temperatures