A transfer function model is proposed for simulating solute transport under natural field conditions where substantial variability exists in water transport properties. This approach makes no attempt to describe the variability through a deterministic model but merely measures the distribution of solute travel times from the soil surface to a reference depth. Using this distribution function, it is possible to simulate the average solute concentrations at any depth and time for arbitrary solute inputs or water application variability. Equivalently, the model may be used to predict the probability of extremely long or short travel times for a mobile chemical. In this paper several illustrative calculations are performed for which analytic solutions are possible. In a companion paper (Jury et al., this issue) a field test of the model is reported.

Simulation of solute transport using a transfer function model

The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM): A procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater

On hydrological heterogeneity - Catchment morphology and catchment response

A model proposed for predicting average values of solute concentration as a function of depth and time, based on a transfer function model, is tested on a field experiment over 1.44 ha. The experiment consisted of an initial calibration observing the transport of a concentrated solute pulse past 15 replicated solution samplers located at a depth Z = 30 cm. The model was subsequently used without further calibration to predict the shape of the pulse at 60, 90, 120, 180 cm, with good agreement between average predicted and measured values. A further test of the model was conducted by taking 36 soil cores between 180 and 360 cm at 170 days after the addition of the solute pulse to the soil surface. Good agreement was found between the predicted and observed depth of maximum concentration expressed as a relative probability.

Appendix Tables A1-A5 and Bl are available with entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. Document J82-001; $1.00. Payment must accompany order.

A field test of the transfer function model for predicting solute transport

The similar media concept is reformulated and extended to allow for analysis of unsaturated or saturated flow in a system of parallel nonhomogeneous one-, two-, or three-dimensional soil profiles. The resulting invariance of Richards' equation for a set of soil profiles is valid for certain initial and boundary conditions only. Simple techniques are outlined and demonstrated by examples for direct identification of scaling factors based on measured soil hydraulic data, and indirect identification based on measured dynamic characteristics of a soil water system. Suggested applications of the discussed concept are (1) the classification of soils according to the shape of their reference hydraulic properties and (2) the description of time and space variability of soil water properties for numerical modeling purposes.

Porous Media With Linearly Variable Hydraulic Properties

Infiltration and drainage results are calculated for spatially varying hydraulic properties. The soil water flow equation is solved in a form valid for scaled soil water characteristics and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities. The single solution can then be utilized for individual sites chosen randomly by using a scaling coefficient. This procedure reduces repeated tedious individual calculations to simple algebra or interpolations. Examples include infiltration using semi-analytical forms and drainage based on a single finite difference solution. Monte Carlo simulations were used in most cases.

Infiltration and drainage calculations using spatially scaled hydraulic properties

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Infiltration and drainage calculations using spatially scaled hydraulic properties