Persistent gestational trophoblastic disease is rarely, if ever, derived from non-molar first-trimester miscarriage.

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) containing tiny blood vessels is an alternative to large animals for studies involving angiogenesis and tissue engineering. However, there is no technique to design the direction of growing blood vessels on the CAM at the microscale level for tissue engineering experiments. Here, a methodology is provided to direct blood vessel formation on the surface of a three-dimensional egg yolk using a cubic artificial eggshell with six functionalized membranes. A structure on the lateral side of the eggshell containing a straight channel and an interlinked chamber was designed, and the direction and formation area of blood vessels with blood flow was artfully defined by channels with widths of 70-2000 μm, without sharply reducing embryo viability. The relationship between the size of interlinked chamber and the induction of blood vessels was investigated to establish a theory of design. Role of negative and positive pressure in the induction of CAM with blood vessels was investigated, and air pressure change in the culture chamber was measured to demonstrate the mechanism for blood vessel induction. Histological evaluation showed that components of CAM including chorionic membrane and blood vessels were induced into the channels. Based on our design theory, blood vessels were induced into arrayed channels, and channel-specific injection and screening were realized, which demonstrated proposed applications. The platform with position- and space-controlled blood vessels is therefore a powerful tool for biomedical research, which may afford exciting applications in studies involved in local stimulation of blood vessel networks and those necessary to establish a living system with blood flow from a beating heart.

/pdf/an-angiogenesis-platform-using-a-cubic-artificial-eggshell-20bf62449z.pdf

An angiogenesis platform using a cubic artificial eggshell with patterned blood vessels on chicken chorioallantoic membrane.

Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases: The Role of Ultrasound Imaging

Purposes of the study were to evaluate the correlation between intratumoral blood flow and stage, histologic grade, depth of myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma and to assess if vascular/lymphatic spaces invasion is predictable by Doppler ultrasound. Fifty-three patients with endometrial carcinoma were enrolled before surgical treatment. Transvaginal Color Doppler Ultrasound was performed to detect the areas of increased vascularity (≥3) and to record the lowest resistance index (RI) from the blood flow signals within the tumour. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded pathology slides were reviewed by a senior pathologist to evaluate histologic grading, depth of myometrial invasion, presence of lymph node metastasis and vascular/lymphatic spaces invasion. The number of patients with positive lymph node metastasis was too small to perform any statistical evaluation. Significantly lower RI was noted in tumours of advanced stage (>FIGO Stage I), tumours with higher histologic grade (Grade 3) and with presence of vascular invasion. No correlation was found for myometrial invasion (>50%). A high number of vascular areas was positively correlated with all the prognostic signs. Assessment of tumour changes in vascularity using colour Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage and histologic grade. The good correlation between Doppler ultrasound results and histological finding of vascular/lymphatic spaces invasion is another point in favour of routine colour Doppler studies in patients with endometrial carcinoma. We believe this technique is useful both for preoperative staging and that recording of tumour recurrence pattern may lead to early selection of those patients that need additional therapy.

Intratumoral blood flow characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Choriocarcinoma associated with a normal pregnancy is very rare. In choraiocarcinoma associated with a normal pregnancy, diagnosis is late, and prognosis may be poor due to widespread metastases. So at delivery, careful examinations for abnormal placentas are needed, and if diagnosis is confirmed, intensive care is needed. We present a case of choriocarcinoma arising from placenta at 35th week of pregnancy and 3 months later, requiring emergency hysterectomy due to severe vaginal bleeding and combination chemotherapy (EMA CO) with review of literatures.

/pdf/a-case-of-choriocarcinoma-following-35-weeks-preterm-3r0l7z475b.pdf

A Case of Choriocarcinoma Following 35 weeks Preterm Pregnancy

Choriocarcinoma following term pregnancy by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. A two case report.

Angiogenesis is required for both tumor growth and progression and the degree of vascularization seems to correlate with prognosis in several human tumors including uterine malignant neoplasms. In this study we have investigated if three Doppler parameters, such as peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI) and pulsatily index (PI), measured in patients with endometrial cancer, were correlated to the angiogenic response induced by grafting of bioptic specimens obtained from the same patients onto the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a useful in vivo model for such an investigation. Results showed that only PSV was directly correlated to the degree of angiogenesis measured by means of the CAM assay. Moreover, these two parameters were also directly correlated to the malignancy grade of the disease.

Correlative study of angiogenesis in endometrial cancer assessed by the color Doppler ultrasound and by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.

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Choriocarcinoma following term pregnancy by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. A two case report.

Correlative study of angiogenesis in endometrial cancer assessed by the color Doppler ultrasound and by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.