Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update

Laser spectroscopy for nuclear structure physics

Some errors were found in this review after it was published. Page 642, line 1: gSchmidt(πd3/2)=0.083 Page 642, paragraph 2.1.3, line 7 and line 12: gSchmidt = -1.913 should read μSchmidt = -1.913 Page 663, expression (4.7) should read: Figure 13 was incorrectly labelled. The correct figure is given below. Figure 13. (a) Zeeman splitting of the nuclear m-quantum levels due to interaction of the nuclear dipole moment (μ = gIμN) with a static magnetic field B. In a classical picture this can be seen as a precession of the spin I around B with a Larmor frequency νL. (b) Non-equidistant quadrupole splitting of the nuclear m-quantum levels due to interaction of the nuclear spectroscopic quadrupole moment Qs with an EFG Vzz. Page 673, expression (5.8) should read:

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/205/pdf

Nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments for nuclear structure research on exotic nuclei

At ISOLDE the majority of radioactive ion beams are produced using the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS). This ion source is based on resonant excitation of atomic transitions by wavelength tunable laser radiation. Since its installation at the ISOLDE facility in 1994, the RILIS laser setup has been developed into a versatile remotely operated laser system comprising state-of–the-art solid state and dye lasers capable of generating multiple high quality laser beams at any wavelength in the range of 210–950 nm. A continuous programme of atomic ionization scheme development at CERN and at other laboratories has gradually increased the number of RILIS-ionized elements. At present, isotopes of 40 different elements have been selectively laser-ionized by the ISOLDE RILIS. Studies related to the optimization of the laser–atom interaction environment have yielded new laser ion source types: the laser ion source and trap and the versatile arc discharge and laser ion source. Depending on the specific experimental requirements for beam purity or versatility to switch between different ionization mechanisms, these may offer a favourable alternative to the standard hot metal cavity configuration. In addition to its main purpose of ion beam production, the RILIS is used for laser spectroscopy of radioisotopes. In an ongoing experimental campaign the isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of long isotopic chains have been measured by the extremely sensitive in-source laser spectroscopy method. The studies performed in the lead region were focused on nuclear deformation and Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 44 (2017) 084006 (28pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/aa78e0 * This article belongs to the Focus on Exotic Beams at ISOLDE: A Laboratory Portrait special issue. 0954-3899/17/084006+28$33.00 © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK 1 Made open access 7 August 2017 Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. shape coexistence effects around the closed proton shell Z = 82. The paper describes the functional principles of the RILIS, the current status of the laser system and demonstrated capabilities for the production of different ion beams including the high-resolution studies of short-lived isotopes and other applications of RILIS lasers for ISOLDE experiments.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6471/aa78e0/pdf

IOP : Ion beam production and study of radioactive isotopes with the laser ion source at ISOLDE

Studies of the structure and decay modes of nuclei far from stability have yielded many new insights which were not seen in nuclei near the line of beta stability. The results of recent experimental and theoretical investigations are presented and the new insights being gained are discussed. Some of the highlights described include ground-state proton radioactivity, beta -delayed 2n, 3n and 2p decays, the coexistence of states built on quite different nuclear shapes in the same nucleus, new regions of strongly deformed nuclei, and the importance of the reinforcement of proton and neutron shell gaps on the shape of a nucleus.

Advances in studies of nuclei far from stability

On-line resonance-ionization mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the isotope shift and hyperfine structure of $^{185\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}189}\mathrm{Au}$ and $^{189\mathrm{m}}\mathrm{Au}$ in the 6s ${}^{2}$${S}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p ${}^{2p}$${}_{1/2}$ (\ensuremath{\lambda}=268 nm) transition. The Au atoms were obtained as daughters of mass-separated Hg isotopes produced at the ISOLDE facility at CERN ionized by a three-color, two-step resonant photoionization process, detected and mass-selected by time of flight. A drastic change of the nuclear charge radius was observed between $^{187}\mathrm{Au}$ and $^{186}\mathrm{Au}$, which is interpreted as an onset of strong deformation of \ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.25 in $^{186}\mathrm{Au}$ and $^{185}\mathrm{Au}$.

/pdf/sudden-change-in-the-nuclear-charge-distribution-of-very-1vs2ybxf2j.pdf

Sudden change in the nuclear charge distribution of very light gold isotopes

On-line resonance ionization mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the isotope shift and hyperfine structure of185–189Au and tne I=11/2 isomer of189Au in the 6s2S1/2 → 6p2P1/2λ=268 nm) transition. The Au atoms were obtained as daughters of mass-separated Hg isotopes produced at the ISOLDE facility at CERN, ionized by a three-step resonant photoionization process, detected and mass-selected by time of flight. A drastic change of the nuclear charge radius was observed between187Au and186Au, which is interpreted as an onset of strong deformation of β2 ≈ 0.25 in186Au and185Au.

/pdf/nuclear-shape-transition-in-neutron-deficient-gold-isotopes-50l7ahpwgc.pdf

Nuclear shape transition in neutron-deficient gold isotopes

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Sudden change in the nuclear charge distribution of very light gold isotopes

Nuclear shape transition in neutron-deficient gold isotopes