Flavonoids are nearly ubiquitous in plants and are recognized as the pigments responsible for the colors of leaves, especially in autumn. They are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea, and red wine. They are low molecular weight compounds composed of a three-ring structure with various substitutions. This basic structure is shared by tocopherols (vitamin E). Flavonoids can be subdivided according to the presence of an oxy group at position 4, a double bond between carbon atoms 2 and 3, or a hydroxyl group in position 3 of the C (middle) ring. These characteristics appear to also be required for best activity, especially antioxidant and antiproliferative, in the systems studied. The particular hydroxylation pattern of the B ring of the flavonoles increases their activities, especially in inhibition of mast cell secretion. Certain plants and spices containing flavonoids have been used for thousands of years in traditional Eastern medicine. In spite of the voluminous literature available, however, Western medicine has not yet used flavonoids therapeutically, even though their safety record is exceptional. Suggestions are made where such possibilities may be worth pursuing.

The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells:Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease, and Cancer

Advances in flavonoid research since 1992.

Anthocyanins and other flavonoids

Antimicrobial effect of rosemary extracts.

Chalcones are absorbed in the daily diet and appear to be promising cancer chemopreventive agents. Chalcones represent an important group of the polyphenolic family, which includes a large number of naturally occurring molecules. This family possesses an interesting spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive potential. Compounds of this family have been shown to interfere with each step of carcinogenesis, including initiation, promotion and progression. Moreover, numerous compounds from the family of dietary chalcones appear to show activity against cancer cells, suggesting that these molecules or their derivatives may be considered as potential anticancer drugs. This review will focus primarily on prominent members of the chalcone family with an 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenon core structure. Specifically, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on the different steps of carcinogenesis that reveal interesting chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential will be discussed.

/pdf/dietary-chalcones-with-chemopreventive-and-chemotherapeutic-xk05uheiq2.pdf

Dietary chalcones with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential

Anti-Invasive Activity of 3,7-Dimethoxyflavone in Vitro

Synthesis, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of novel polyphenolic compounds

Rhododendrin (= betuloside) has been isolated from the leaves of Taxus baccata L. From its X-ray diffraction studies, the absolute configuration at the chiral centre in the aglucone portion has been found to be R. These results establish the stereochemical assignments to different samples of this glucoside isolated from different plants. Our sample of rhododendrin exhibited hepatoprotective activity against two hepatotoxins in rats.

Absolute configuration of epi-rhododendrin and (–)-rhododendrol [=(–)-betuligenol] and X-ray crystal and molecular structure of rhododendrin [= betuloside], a hepatoprotective constituent of Taxus baccata

Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities of Novel Polyphenolic Compounds.

Dihydroflavonols from Prunus domestica

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