This review is devoted to a topic of high interest in recent times—the use of plasma technologies in agriculture. The increased attention to these studies is primarily due to the demand for the intensification of food production and, at the same time, the request to reduce the use of pesticides. We analyzed publications, focusing on research conducted in the last 3 years, to identify the main achievements of plasma agrotechnologies and key obstacles to their widespread implementation in practice. We considered the main types of plasma sources used in this area, their advantages and limitations, which determine the areas of application. We also considered the use of plasma-activated liquids and the efficiency of their production by various types of plasma sources.

Advancements in Plasma Agriculture: A Review of Recent Studies

Modern physical methods and technologies in agriculture

The application of plasma-activated water (PAW) in agriculture has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners. In particular, treatment with PAW is a promising method for increasing scion and rootstock survival as well as augmenting the mineral nutrition applicable to tree fruit crops. However, the applications of PAW are hampered by the lack of information about the effects of PAW on apple tree condition and yield. The increase in survival rate by PAW is believed to stem from the general stimulation of physiological processes in the plant tissue. To assess the actual effect of the PAW treatments, one needs to consider an important indicator of young tree quality such as their vegetative growth. We conducted field experiments to study the possibility of use of PAW for increase in primary nutrient contents in fruits and leaves in an orchard, as well as to assess the scion survival rate and vegetative growth of young grafts in a nursery. The application of PAW influenced the fruitset, yield, leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), fruit phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) ascorbic acid (AA) and titratable acidity (TA). Treatment with PAW did not significantly reduce the negative impact of the rootstock thickness on the survival rate of bench grafts and their subsequent development. At the same time, scion survival tended to increase in the case when the scions and the rootstocks were of compatible thickness. Further studies of the PAW treatment effects are needed to better understand its applicability in diverse fields of horticulture.

/pdf/effects-of-plasma-activated-water-on-leaf-and-fruit-2vdp7m0p.pdf

Effects of Plasma-Activated Water on Leaf and Fruit Biochemical Composition and Scion Growth in Apple


 As oil prices are fluctuating, decision makers are challenged to make the "best" decisions for field's developments. Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) can help decision makers to make the "best" decisions. DTA focuses on managerial decisions, such as whether to do workover or not, whether the additional information will be valuable or not. The aim of this work is to review the applications of DTA in petroleum engineering and provide a clear methodology on how to apply DTA for any petroleum engineering application.
 The combination of Expected Monetary Value (EMV) and DTA is one of the most common methods used in the decision-making process. If EMV is positive, the decision is considered to be feasible. However, that doesn't mean the decision will be successful at all times. It simply means that if a similar decision is made for a larger number of cases, the decision will be successful. DTA will account for the uncertainty in the probability. A good number of papers about the applications of DTA in petroleum engineering were read and summarized into three categories. Also, a clear methodology on how to apply the DTA for any petroleum engineering application was established.
 After reading and summarizing a good number of papers and case histories about the applications of DTA in petroleum engineering, it was concluded that the applications can be classified into three main categories; applications of DTA and EMV for the whole oil and gas prospect projects, applications of DTA and EMV for a specific operation or development, applications of DTA, EMV, Monte Carlo simulations, and other methods to assess the value of information. These applications were summarized into tables.
 In addition, a clear methodology accomplished by a flowchart that explains how to successfully apply the EMV and DTA for any petroleum engineering application was provided. The method consists of three main steps: 1) how many scenarios need to be considered and what are they 2) collection of the required data 3) use the visual tool (DTA) or programming to find EMV. Each of the previous steps has its own challenges, thus these challenges were addressed and the solutions to overcome the challenges were provided. Finally, practical guidelines have were developed that when used with the accompanying flow chart will serve as a quick reference to apply the DTA for any petroleum engineering application.
 As the petroleum engineering applications becoming more complicated nowadays, accomplished by the oil prices fluctuations, the decision-making processes becoming more difficult. The DTA is a very important tool for the decision makers to make the "best" decision. This paper provides a clear methodology on how to successfully apply the DTA which can serve as a reference for any future DTA applications in petroleum engineering.

Review of the Applications of Decision Tree Analysis in Petroleum Engineering with a Rigorous Analysis

A method for stimulating the growth of spruce and strawberry in the early phases of development is proposed. A technology for obtaining plasma-activated water (PAW) with the help of a glow discharge plasma generator was developed. The method is proposed for increasing the shelf life of PAW by adding an aqueous colloid of polyvinylpyrralidone (PVP) polymer. It is shown that after treatment with a PAW + PVP mixture, the seeds have a higher percentage of germination, the plants develop faster in the early stages, and they are more viable. At the physicochemical level, after seed treatment with PAW + PVP, higher rates of metabolite outflow from seeds are observed. At the biological level, seed treatment with PAW + PVP leads to a slight decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a higher content of chlorophylls in the leaves, and a slightly higher assimilation rate is observed. In the leaves, there is higher content of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whereas the content of the growth-inhibiting hormone abscisic acid decreases. The use of a stimulating drug based on the composition of an aqueous solution activated by plasma and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAW + PVP) polymer can be an effective means of a single pre-sowing treatment of spruce seeds in solving the problem of reforestation and strawberry during plant propagation.

Portable Technology for Obtaining Plasma-Activated Water to Stimulate the Growth of Spruce and Strawberry Plants

The microwave setup for obtaining plasma-activated water (PAW) has been created. PAW contains significant concentrations of H2O2 and NO3−, has a reduced content of O2, high conductivity, a high redox potential and low pH. Likewise, the specific electrical conductivity and concentration of H2O2 and NO3− linearly depend on the treatment time. These parameters are simple and convenient markers for controlling the preparation of PAW. It has been established that PAW solutions with a concentration of 0.5–1.0% increase the germination energy, protect against fusarium and hyperthermia in cotton, wheat and strawberry seeds. In addition, PAWs have a positive effect on the growth rate of plants in the early stages of development. The use of PAW provides significant benefits over the chemical preparations Dalbron and Bakhor, so-called seed germination stimulators (SDS).

/pdf/development-of-an-environmentally-friendly-technology-for-loqqkbi9.pdf

Development of an Environmentally Friendly Technology for the Treatment of Aqueous Solutions with High-Purity Plasma for the Cultivation of Cotton, Wheat and Strawberries

Additional Appraisal Program Optimisation with the Value of Information Approach (Russian)

Veterinary and sanitary assessment of quail meat when using whole grain amaranth flour and Bifitrilak MK feed mixture in their diet

Relationship of milk productivity of Russian heavy draft mares with measurements and physique indices

Foodborne infections are an important global health problem due to their high prevalence and potential for severe complications. Bacterial contamination of meat during processing at the enterprise can be a source of foodborne infections. Polymeric coatings with antibacterial properties can be applied to prevent bacterial contamination. A composite coating based on fluoroplast and Ag2O NPs can serve as such a coating. In present study, we, for the first time, created a composite coating based on fluoroplast and Ag2O NPs. Using laser ablation in water, we obtained spherical Ag2O NPs with an average size of 45 nm and a ζ-potential of −32 mV. The resulting Ag2O NPs at concentrations of 0.001–0.1% were transferred into acetone and mixed with a fluoroplast-based varnish. The developed coating made it possible to completely eliminate damage to a Teflon cutting board. The fluoroplast/Ag2O NP coating was free of defects and inhomogeneities at the nano level. The fluoroplast/Ag2O NP composite increased the production of ROS (H2O2, OH radical), 8-oxogualnine in DNA in vitro, and long-lived active forms of proteins. The effect depended on the mass fraction of the added Ag2O NPs. The 0.01–0.1% fluoroplast/NP Ag2O coating exhibited excellent bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but did not affect the viability of eukaryotic cells. The developed PTFE/NP Ag2O 0.01–0.1% coating can be used to protect cutting boards from bacterial contamination in the meat processing industry.

/pdf/fluoroplast-doped-by-ag2o-nanoparticles-as-new-repairing-non-flkmbfg8.pdf

Fluoroplast Doped by Ag2O Nanoparticles as New Repairing Non-Cytotoxic Antibacterial Coating for Meat Industry

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