Wheat breadmaking properties in dependance on wheat enzymes status and climate conditions.

The aim of this study was to characterize albumin fractions of four different wheat varieties grown in a local climatic context, as well as to find the relationship between the particular albumin fractions and enzyme activity of the tested wheat flours and dough rheological properties. The determined content of albumin fractions ranged from 2.64 to 17.50% of total proteins. More than 50% of the albumins total amount was in the range of 5-15 kDa of molecular weight. The obtained results indicated that albumin fraction 1530 kDa was related to certain rheological properties of dough, especially those related to water absorption and uniaxial and biaxial resistance to extension. Regarding the enzymatic status of flour, no strong relationship was found among the 5-15, 30-50 and 3060 kDa albumin fractions and proteolytic and α-amylolytic activity. However, the albumin fraction 15-30 kDa showed significant correlation with proteolytic activity.

Albumins Characterization in Relation to Rheological Properties and Enzymatic Activity of Wheat Flour Dough

The production of many food items processed from wheat grain relies on the use of high gluten strength flours. As a result, about 80% of the allelic variability in the genes encoding the glutenin proteins has been lost in the shift from landraces to modern cultivars. Here, the allelic variability in the genes encoding the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) has been characterized in 152 durum wheat lines developed from a set of landraces. The allelic composition at the two Glu-1 loci (Glu-A1 and -B1) was obtained at both the protein and the DNA level. The former locus was represented by three alleles, of which the null allele Glu-A1c was the most common. The Glu-B1 locus was more variable, with fifteen alleles represented, of which Glu-B1b (HMW-GSs 7 + 8), -B1d (6 + 8) and -B1e (20 + 20) were the most frequently occurring. The composition of HMW-GSs has been used to make inferences regarding the diffusion and diversification of durum wheat. The relationships of these allelic frequencies with their geographical distribution within the Mediterranean basin is discussed in terms of gene-ecology.

Gene-ecology of durum wheat HMW glutenin reflects their diffusion from the center of origin.

RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, this method is time-consuming, especially at early stages of wheat breeding, when large number of samples needs to be analyzed. On the other hand, LoaC (Lab-on-a-Chip) technique has the potential for a fast, reliable, and automatable analysis of proteins. In the present study, benefits and limitations of Lab-on-a-Chip method over RP-HPLC method in gluten proteins evaluation were explored in order to determine in which way LoaC method should be improved in order to make its results more compliant with the results of RP-HPLC method. Strong correlation () was found between numbers of HMW glutenin peaks determined by LoaC and RP-HPLC methods. Significant correlations () were obtained between percentages of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits calculated with regard to total HMW

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2015/430328.pdf

Benefits and Limitations of Lab-on-a-Chip Method over Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method in Gluten Proteins Evaluation

Lab-on-a-chip technology is an emerging and convenient system to easily and quickly separate proteins of high molecular weight. The current study established a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) identification system using Lab-on-a-chip for three, six, and three of the allelic variations at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, respectively, which are commonly used in wheat breeding programs. The molecular weight of 1Ax1 and 1Ax2* encoded by Glu-A1 locus were of 200 kDa and 192 kDa and positioned below 1Dx subunits. The HMW-GS encoded by Glu-B1 locus were electrophoresed in the following order below 1Ax1 and 1Ax2*: 1Bx13 ≥ 1Bx7 = 1Bx7OE > 1Bx17 > 1By16 > 1By8 = 1By18 > 1By9. 1Dx2 and Dx5 showed around 4-kDa difference in their molecular weights, with 1Dy10 and 1Dy12 having 11-kDa difference, and were clearly differentiated on Lab-on-a-chip. Additionally, some of the HMW-GS, including 1By8, 1By18, and 1Dy10, having different theoretical molecular weights showed similar electrophoretic mobility patterns on Lab-on-a-chip. The relative protein amount of 1Bx7OE was two-fold higher than that of 1Bx7 or 1Dx5 and, therefore, translated a significant increase in the protein amount in 1Bx7OE. Similarly, the relative protein amounts of 8 & 10 and 10 & 18 were higher than each subunit taken alone. Therefore, this study suggests the established HMW-GS identification system using Lab-on-a-chip as a reliable approach for evaluating HMW-GS for wheat breeding programs.

Rapid and Easy High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Identification System by Lab-on-a-Chip in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Based on previous research on validating lab-on-a-chip data on wheat protein analysis, a comprehensive work has been carried out with the intent to demonstrate the potential of the technique for wheat related fundamental research, breeding and food industry. Sample preparation and separation methodologies were investigated for the main wheat polypeptide classes: albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenin subunits (GS). The work was carried out on a sample population originated from Western Siberia with different genetic background providing data, and characterizing their potential interest for future breeding work. LOC results are compared with corresponding reference methods (MALDI-TOF and RP-HPLC). The research revealed that, the current technology is capable for fast profile analysis, recognizing the minor qualitative, and typical quantitative differences in the albumin and globulin protein composition. While the gliadin separation showed poor results, the method seems to be able to identify the high molecular glutenin allelic composition, and to differentiate some of the low molecular weight glutenin alleles, too. Our results provide new insights into a possible rapid and simple way for grain protein profiling.

/pdf/advantages-and-limitation-of-lab-on-a-chip-technique-in-the-4hxv0jqx85.pdf

Advantages and limitation of lab-on-a-chip technique in the analysis of wheat proteins

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Advantages and limitation of lab-on-a-chip technique in the analysis of wheat proteins