Figure 8. Smoothing effects on LOESS smoothed FORC distributions for a natural sample of pure hematite. In Figure 8a, optimum smoothing range is shown in green. Figures 8b, 8c, and 8d correspond to smoothing factors 2, 6, and 10, respectively. Undersmoothing produces a distribution that is dominated by noise (Figure 8b). Oversmoothing produces a distribution that obscures the presence of noninteracting grains along Hu = 0 (Figure 8d). Using the optimization routine described in Figure 5, the ideal FORC distribution is SF = 6.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2008GC001987

FORCinel: An improved algorithm for calculating first-order reversal curve distributions using locally weighted regression smoothing

The magnetization reversal processes are discussed for exchange- coupled ferromagnetic hard/soft bilayers made from Co0.66Cr0.22Pt0.12 (10 and 20nm)/Ni (from 0 to 40nm) films with out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic easy axes respectively, based on room temperature hysteresis loops and first-order reversal curve analysis. On increasing the Ni layer thicknesses, the easy axis of the bilayer reorients from out-of-plane to in-plane. An exchange bias effect,

/pdf/magnetization-reversal-and-exchange-bias-effects-in-hard-2xskjwygw0.pdf

Magnetization reversal and exchange bias effects in hard/soft ferromagnetic bilayers with orthogonal anisotropies

Two methods for extracting information from first-order reversal curves (FORCs) obtained on low coercivity samples are presented. The proportion of reversibility as a function of applied field can be extracted by calculating the ratio of the initial slope of each FORC to the susceptibility on the major hysteresis loop upper branch at the same field. This gives us the part of the reversal process, a process occurring with zero coercivity, that is, where H=Hr, during the magnetization reversal. In order to be able to see the nonperturbed trace coming from the irreversible processes with a small coercivity compared to the FORC domain, some points have to be added in the H<Hr area in a way that minimizes the discontinuities near H=Hr. This is done by using two functions characterizing the behavior of the magnetization on the H=Hr axis (“extrapolated FORCs”). These methods were used to characterize a CoFeB nanowire array with the applied field perpendicular to the nanowire axis.

Reversible and quasireversible information in first-order reversal curve diagrams

Magnetic nanocarriers play an increasing role in various biomedical applications such as the separation of magnetically 'tagged' DNA, drug delivery or identification of biological species. Recent developments in nanotechnology allow the fabrication of both artificial nanocarriers and magnetic separation devices which may achieve great performances at an incredibly small-volume sample handling. However, as the sizes of magnetic carriers and separation devices diminish, important theoretical and experimental challenges may occur mainly due to the important variations of the surface-to-volume ratio. Under these circumstances, intrinsic properties of individual carriers and their influence on functionality and performances of the magnetic manipulation have to be investigated with a higher degree of accuracy. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art techniques for extracting accurate information about individual magnetic entities from magnetic measurements performed on ordered arrays or clusters of magnetic nano-objects of various dimensionalities and geometries. As the mutual magnetic interactions may be responsible for collective effects, both analytical and numerical techniques for evaluating the mutual interactions between magnetic nanoparticles and nanowires are reviewed, special emphasis being put on the dimensionality of their assemblages. As the efficiency of the manipulation and capture of individual magnetic carriers in magnetic confinement devices depend strongly on their size, the theoretical description of the motion of magnetic particles under various conditions of flow and field configurations become very important especially with the transition to the nanoscale regime. The equations of motion of magnetic nanocarriers in continuous-flow microfluidic devices are reviewed and some solutions for superparamagnetic interacting clusters, non-interacting beads and ferromagnetic contiguous or codebar nanowires are presented. The influence of both carrier size and transition toward the nanoscale regime on the trappability of some magnetic nanocarriers is evaluated in terms of finite-length Navier boundary conditions and applied in order to compare the motion of superparamagnetic beads and ferromagnetic nanowires in conventional continuous-flow magnetic confinement devices.

/pdf/magnetic-nanocarriers-from-material-design-to-magnetic-c47j3vuq57.pdf

Magnetic nanocarriers : from material design to magnetic manipulation

High-frequency GMI hysteresis effect analysis by first-order reversal curve (FORC) method

A new identification strategy of the distribution in Preisach-type models is described in this paper. The mixed second derivative of the First Order Reversal Curves (FORC) is evaluated after an interpolation in the weighted least-squares sense and a Shepard interpolation method is applied in order to replace the initial irregular grid with a regular one. The main advantages of this strategy are that it can deal with FORC curves on irregular grids and when the experimental errors are important, the weighted least-squares sense of this method increases the precision of the FORC diagram. The parameter set values given in this paper have been established using FORC curves obtained by simulations with a Complete-Moving-Hysteresis model on known Preisach distributions.

First order reversal curves diagram deduced by a shepard method for bivariate interpolation of scattered data

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First order reversal curves diagram deduced by a shepard method for bivariate interpolation of scattered data