Mastitis remains one the most important diseases in dairy cattle despite the progress made in improving general udder health in recent years. Epidemiological studies have revealed that following treatment with antimicrobials, bacteriological cure rates vary between 0% and 80% but with no evidence of a significant loss of activity of the major classes of antibiotics licenced for the treatment of bovine mastitis. Recurrent infections are often attributable to biofilm growth of bacteria and this review provides an overview of those mechanisms related to bacterial biofilm growth in mastitis. Biofilm formation is accompanied by significant genetic and subsequent physiological changes in the microorganisms resulting, inter alia, in a loss of sensitivity to virtually all classes of antibiotics.

Biofilms: a role in recurrent mastitis infections?

Mastitis remains the most frequent cause of antibacterial use on dairy farms and contributes to a substantial portion of total drug and veterinary costs incurred by the dairy industry. Ultimately, the best outcome of mastitis therapy is a positive effect on the amount of marketed milk harvested and long-term survival of the cow. This article describes the strategies of therapy for bovine mastitis, with an emphasis on antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy.

https://www.vetfood.theclinics.com/article/S0749-0720(02)00067-1/pdf

Mastitis therapy and pharmacology

Foreword: David Lloyd (Royal Veterinary College). Preface. Table of Contents. List of contributors. 1. Principles of Prudent and Rational Antimicrobial Use in Animals: Luca Guardabassi (University of Copenhagen) and Hilde Kruse (National Veterinary Institute Norway). 2. Human Health Risks Associated with Antimicrobial Use in Animals: Lars B. Jensen (Technical University of Denmark), Frederick J. Angulo (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA), Kare Molbak (Statens Serum Institut) and Henrik C. Wegener (Technical University of Denmark). 3. Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment: Emma Snary (Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UK) and Scott McEwen (University of Guelph). 4. Clinical Importance of Antimicrobial Drugs in Human Medicine: Peter Collignon (Australian National University), Patrice Courvalin (Institut Pasteur) and Awa Aidara-Kane (World Health Organization). 5. Geographical Differences in Market Availability, Regulation and Use of Antimicrobial Products: Angelo A. Valois (Australian Government Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry), Yuuko S. Endoh (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Tokyo, Japan), Kornelia Grein (European Medicines Agency) and Linda Tollefson (US Food and Drug Administration). 6. Strategies to Minimize the Impact of Antimicrobial Treatment on the Selection of Resistant Bacteria: Peter Lees (Royal Veterinary College), Ove Svendsen (University of Copenhagen) and Camilla Wiuff (Health Protection Scotland). 7. Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Swine: David G. S. Burch (Octagon Services Ltd), C. Oliver Duran (Moss Veterinary Partners) and Frank M. Aarestrup (Technical University of Denmark). 8. Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Poultry: Ulrich Loehren (Lohmann & Co.), Antonia Ricci (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie) and Timothy S. Cummings (Mississippi State University). 9. Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Ruminants: Peter D. Constable (Purdue University), Satu Pyorala (University of Helsinki) and Geoffrey W. Smith (North Carolina State University). 10. Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Horses: J. Scott Weese (University of Guelph), Keith Edward Baptiste (University of Copenhagen), Viveca Baverud (National Veterinary Institute Sweden) and Pierre-Louis Toutain (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire). 11. Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Dogs and Cats: Luca Guardabassi (University of Copenhagen), G. Houser (University of Copenhagen), L. A. Frank (University of Tennessee) and M. G. Papich (North Carolina State University). 12. Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Aquaculture: Peter R. Smith (National University of Ireland, Galway), Alain Le Breton (Fish Consultant), Tor Einar Horsberg (Norwegian School of Veterinary Science) and Flavio Corsin (Ministry of Fisheries, Vietnam). Acknowledgements

http://veterinaryan.persiangig.com/document/0013.pdf

Guide to antimicrobial use in animals

Efficacy of Systemic Ceftiofur as a Therapy for Severe Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

Treatment of mastitis should be based on bacteriological diagnosis and take national and international guidelines on prudent use of antimicrobials into account. In acute mastitis, where bacteriological diagnosis is not available, treatment should be initiated based on herd data and personal experience. Rapid bacteriological diagnosis would facilitate the proper selection of the antimicrobial. Treating subclinical mastitis with antimicrobials during lactation is seldom economical, because of high treatment costs and generally poor efficacy. All mastitis treatment should be evidence-based, i.e., the efficacy of each product and treatment length should be demonstrated by scientific studies. Use of on-farm written protocols for mastitis treatment promotes a judicious use of antimicrobials and reduces the use of antimicrobials.

/pdf/treatment-of-mastitis-during-lactation-4r88eqlxmv.pdf

Treatment of mastitis during lactation.

Efficacy of Cefquinome for Treatment of Cows with Mastitis Experimentally Induced Using Escherichia coli

Systemic dry cow therapy--a preliminary report.

The inoculation of 2000 colony-forming units of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis into one teat canal of each of three cows resulted in severe, chronic, pyogranulomatous mastitis. Within three days the cows had a reduced haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and red cell count. The anaemia was initially normocytic, normochromic and non-regenerative, and was associated with a brief peak of neutrophilia; a regenerative response became evident two to three weeks later. Clinical signs of mastitis appeared seven to 14 days after the inoculation, with a peak of high fever, more severe anaemia, a second peak of neutrophilia and the complete cessation of milk production from all quarters; extensive and severe pyogranulomatous mastitis developed in the inoculated quarters. No other lesions were detected postmortem, and C pseudotuberculosis was cultured from the affected quarters but not from the supramammary lymph nodes and viscera.

Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis mastitis in dairy cows.

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Efficacy of Cefquinome for Treatment of Cows with Mastitis Experimentally Induced Using Escherichia coli

Systemic dry cow therapy--a preliminary report.

Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis mastitis in dairy cows.