Phylogenetic relationships among European earthstars were inferred using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2), partial nuclear large subunit (LSU), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (Tef-α). The phylogenetic analyses recovered 11 clades that correlate to 31 morphological species and species groups. A close relationship of Myriostoma coliforme and Geastrum was supported by the molecular data. The genus Radiigera was found to be polyphyletic, and the four species were recovered in different clades within Geastrum. Radiigera bushnellii, R. flexuosa, R. fuscogleba and R. taylori are therefore combined in Geastrum. One of the supported terminal clades is likely to represent an undescribed species that occurs in east central Europe. Notes on the morphology and ecology for each species are given, including a key to the 31 species of earthstars occurring in Europe.

European earthstars in Geastraceae (Geastrales, Phallomycetidae) – a systematic approach using morphology and molecular sequence data

We sampled gasteroid fungi seasonally over a year in the protected area of the Sierra de Mazatan mountain range, Sonora, in three types of vegetation (oak forest, subtropical scrub, and mesquite scrub) We described the biotic and abiotic factors of the three study sites and estimated the Shannon diversity index, the Pielou evenness, the Simpson dominance, and the Jaccard similarity indices based on the mycobiota A total of 37 species were identified; these are the first records of fungi in the Sierra de Mazatan Tulostoma, Geastrum, and Lycoperdon were the most represented genera with nine, seven, and six species, respectively Fungal diversity was 29 in mesquite scrub, 24 in oak forest, and 09 in subtropical scrub The distribution of gasteroid fungi appears to be more influenced by type of vegetation than by edaphic factors

https://bioone.org/journals/The-Southwestern-Naturalist/volume-58/issue-3/0038-4909-58.3.351/Diversity-of-Gasteroid-Fungi-in-the-Sierra-de-Mazat%c3%a1n-Sonora/10.1894/0038-4909-58.3.351.pdf

Diversity of Gasteroid Fungi in the Sierra de Mazatán, Sonora, Mexico

In this research 32 species of gasteroid fungi (Agaricomycetes) of 10 locations in the central plains of the Sonoran Desert during the four seasons in three types of vegetation were studied. The orders included are: Agaricales: (26 spp.) and Geastrales (6 spp.). Tulostoma, Geastrum and Disciseda were the genera well represented. New records for Mexico are: Geastrum mammosum and Tulostoma subsquamosum. The highest number of species was observed in winter (26) and spring (13). The greatest diversity was recorded in microphyllous desert scrub (26 spp.), followed by sarcocaule scrub (21) and mezquital (17).

/pdf/distribucion-de-algunos-hongos-gasteroides-agaricomycetes-en-3uqdmef0yc.pdf

Distribución de algunos hongos gasteroides (Agaricomycetes) en la planicie central del Desierto Sonorense

Gasteroid fungi associated with seven different vegetation types in the Ajos-Bavispe National Forest Reserve and Wildlife Refuge were seasonal sampled over one-year period. Forty-two species representing the families Geastraceae (14), Agaricaceae (25), Diplocystidiaceae (1) and Sclerodermataceae (2) were determined in the 10 sampled localities. Astraeus hygrometricus and Crucibulum laeve were the most widely distributed; but most species showed a restricted distribution. The most species-rich genus was Geastrum with 13 taxa. The highest number of species was found in pine-oak wood (20) and mezquital (15), and the lower in oak open wood (2) and subtropical scrub (3). All determined species are new records for the studied area, while Geastrum arenarius and Lycoperdon decipiens for the Mexican mycobiota

/pdf/primeros-registros-de-hongos-gasteroides-en-la-reserva-2h9u4y1jpp.pdf

Primeros registros de hongos gasteroides en la Reserva Forestal Nacional y Refugio de Fauna Silvestre Ajos-Bavispe, Sonora, México

Floristic study of Geastrum in Japan: three new records for Japanese mycobiota and reexamination of the authentic specimen of Geastrum minus reported by Sanshi Imai

With the purpose of contributing to the knowledge of the taxonomy and ecology of the species of Geastrum, three priority regions for conservation of biodiversity from Sonora, Mexico were sampled The survey was conducted during the four seasons of the year in six vegetation types Sampling localities were characterized by biotic and abiotic factors based upon topographic and subject charts as well as physical and chemical soil analyses Seventeen species of Geastrum were determined, six are reported for the first time from Sonora, Gpouzarii and G pseudolimbatum being new records for the Mexican mycobiota The highest number of specimens were collected in tropical thorn forest and tropical deciduous forest Although gastrocarps of Geastrum were observed throughout the year, they were more commonly found during summer and autumn

Distribution of Geastrum species from some priority regions for conservation of biodiversity of Sonora, Mexico

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Distribution of Geastrum species from some priority regions for conservation of biodiversity of Sonora, Mexico