Recently a novel DNA virus (Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been identified in Japan and shown to be associated with elevated aminotransferase s levels after transfusion. However the exact role of TTV in pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients and its relationship with elevated alanine-aminotransfrase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransfrase (AST). This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 452 thallasemic patients. Serums were collected from all of the patients, first ALT and AST levels were determined. Then, after DNA extraction, TTV DNA was amplified and detected using semi-nested PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from each participant for statistical analysis. The findings showed that 160 of 452 (35.4%) samples had TTV DNA detected by PCR. From 160 TTV DNA positive, 98 (61.20%) were female and 62 (38.80%) of them were male (P=0.549). The mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive group were higher than in TTV negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The result showed that the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Jahrom is less than other studies in Iran and the mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive individuals were about 2 times more than in TTV negative individuals.

/pdf/molecular-prevalence-and-clinical-importance-of-torque-teno-2fi9z1ixeg.pdf

Molecular Prevalence and Clinical Importance of Torque Teno Virus Infection in Thalassemia Patients as High Risk Individuals

This article describes some technical issues regarding the adaptation of a production car to a platform for the development and testing of autonomous driving technologies. A universal approach to performing the reverse engineering of electric power steering (EPS) for the purpose of external control is also presented. The primary objective of the related study was to solve the problem associated with the precise prediction of the dynamic trajectory of an autonomous vehicle. This was accomplished by deriving a new equation for determining the lateral tire forces and adjusting some of the vehicle parameters under road test conductions. A Mivar expert system was also integrated into the control system of the experimental autonomous vehicle. The expert system was made more flexible and effective for the present application by the introduction of hybrid artificial intelligence with logical reasoning. The innovation offers a solution to the major problem of liability in the event of an autonomous transport vehicle being involved in a collision.

/pdf/experimental-autonomous-road-vehicle-with-logical-artificial-4po18q8bqb.pdf

Experimental Autonomous Road Vehicle with Logical Artificial Intelligence

Household chemicals have been causing toxicity in the environment and human lives for decades. European Union has banned many chemicals harmful to human life. Still, in developing countries, many hazardous household chemicals are legal or not even appropriately regulated. Even in developed countries like the U.S., only a few household chemicals are regulated or banned. Many companies in the market are producing such products that are being used in our daily life. Different chemicals and equipment such as air fresheners, insecticides, pesticides, hoses, plastic, and cosmetics are present in houses, damaging human health. Likewise, they contain endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, and reproductive system disruptors. Household chemicals affect human health and affect fetuses, infants, male and female reproductive systems. Pets and other wildlife are also being affected by them. Moreover, these household chemicals have severe adverse effects on the quality of the environment. In this chapter, we will also be discussing more reliable and safe alternatives to household chemicals. Green products can be a viable option for the improvement of human health and the environment. Awareness about eco-friendly products is rising day by day. People are switching to the green-products, forcing the manufacturers to do the same, enhancing green companies' economic role and worth. Some precautions can be adopted for the products that cannot be replaced while dealing with household chemicals. 

Household chemicals and their impact

Summary form only given. Many intelligent vehicles, using various different sensing technologies, have been developed. In this presentation, the design and implementation of an intelligent vehicle, Taiwan iTS-1, are addressed. Specifically, lateral sensing and control systems, including lane-keeping system, lane-change system, and lane-departure warning system, are developed. In addition, longitudinal sensing and control systems, including full range automatic cruise control systems, stop and go systems, blind spot monitor systems, are proposed for auto driving. The Taiwan iTS-1 has been successful tested on highway and urban areas, respectively to show the effectiveness and applicability of the developed sensing and control systems.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6599034/6614625/06614652.pdf

Intelligent vehicles

Hybrid and electric vehicle (HEV/EV) technology is reasonably mature at this time, with a few million vehicles around in the world, and there is a significant amount of literature in the public domain on this subject. However, there is not enough literature on the application of this technology for off-road vehicles, including construction equipment, other industrial utility vehicles, and nonautomotive applications, such as a locomotive, ships, or airborne vehicles. With this in mind, the author presents here the topic and its current status. In addition, the author discusses the issue related to the decision-making process before the above technology is introduced for any HEV/EV application so that one is assured that the technology will bring benefit if applied for a particular purpose.

Hybrid and Electric Vehicle (HEV/EV) Technologies for Off-Road Applications

1 Head of Department, Doctor of Engineering. 2 Deputy CEO for Science, Doctor of engineering, professor. 3 Director of Centre, Doctor of philosophy. 4 Director of Centre. 5 Head of department, Doctor of philosophy. 6 Chief specialist. Federal State Unitary Enterprise Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Institute “NAMI” (FSUE «NAMI»), Avtomotornaya street, 2, Moscow, Russia, 125438.

Tendency of Creation of “driverless” Vehicles Abroad

Technical and Economic Analysis of Vehicles Pollutant Emissions Reduction Technologies

This article describes a study that aimed to estimate the fuel-saving potential possessed by the hybridization of conventional powertrains intended for heavy-duty vehicles based on diesel and natural gas fueled engines. The tools used for this analysis constitute mathematical models of vehicle dynamics and the powertrain, including its components, i.e., the engine, electric drive, transmission, and energy storage system (ESS). The model of the latter, accompanied by experimental data, allowed for an analysis of employing a supercapacitor regarding the selection of its energy content and the interface between the traction electric drive and the ESS (in light of the wide voltage operating range of supercapacitors). The results revealed the influence of these factors on both the supercapacitor efficiency (during its operation within a powertrain) and the vehicle fuel economy. After implementation of the optimized ESS design within the experimentally validated vehicle model, simulations were conducted in several driving cycles. The results allowed us to compare the fuel economy provided by the hybridization for diesel and gas powertrains in different driving conditions, with different vehicle masses, taking into account the onboard auxiliary power consumption.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/8/2072/pdf

Comparative Study of Powertrain Hybridization for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Equipped with Diesel and Gas Engines

Modern research in the area of internal combustion engines is focused on researching and investigating the technologies that will improve fuel efficiency and decrease emissions. Application of dual-fuel engines is considered as a potential solution to these problems. In the dual-fuel engine, a natural gas-air mixture is ignited by a small amount of the diesel fuel directly injected into a combustion chamber. Pilot fuel injection parameters can strongly effect the combustion process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of such fuel-supply parameters as pilot fuel mass, pilot fuel injection pressure, pilot fuel injection timing and excess air ratio on the combustion process. Investigation is based on the data obtained during bench tests conducted with the use of measurement equipment. The dependences of engine characteristics from the fuel supply parameters under review were obtained based on the results of the experimental study. Optimal values for every investigated fuel-supply parameter were chosen based on the obtained results. Over the course of the investigation, the coefficient for heat release rate according to the Vibe equation was calculated for each operating point.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/12/2280/pdf

An Investigation of the Effect of Fuel Supply Parameters on Combustion Process of the Heavy-Duty Dual-Fuel Diesel Ignited Gas Engine

A Method of Powertrain’s Components Sizing for a Range Extended Electric Vehicle

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