In the last two decades the search for neutrinoless double beta decay has evolved into one of the highest priorities for understanding neutrinos and the origin of mass. The main reason for this paradigm shift has been the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which clearly established the existence of massive neutrinos. An additional motivation for conducting such searches comes from the existence of an unconfirmed, but not refuted, claim of evidence for neutrinoless double decay in 76Ge. As a consequence, a new generation of experiments, employing different detection techniques and ββ isotopes, is being actively promoted by experimental groups across the world. In addition, nuclear theorists are making remarkable progress in the calculation of the neutrinoless double beta decay nuclear matrix elements, thus eliminating a substantial part of the theoretical uncertainties affecting the particle physics interpretation of this process. In this report, we review the main aspects of the double beta decay process and some of the most relevant experiments. The picture that emerges is one where searching for neutrinoless double beta decay is recognized to have both far-reaching theoretical implications and promising prospects for experimental observation in the near future.

/pdf/the-search-for-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-5zodp87bfz.pdf

The Search for neutrinoless double beta decay

Recent advances in photoconductive and bolometric semiconductor detectors for wavelengths 1 mm >λ > 50 μm are reviewed. Progress in detector performance in this photon energy range has been stimulated by new and stringent requirements for ground based, high altitude (airplane and balloon based) and space-borne telescopes for astronomical and astrophysical observations. The paper consists of chapters dealing with the various types of detectors: Be and Ga doped Ge photoconductors, stressed Ge:Ga devices and neutron transmutation doped Ge thermistors. Advances in the understanding of basic detector physics and the introduction of modern semiconductor device technology have led to predictable and reliable fabrication techniques. Integration of detectors into functional arrays has become feasible and is vigorously pursued by groups worldwide.

Advanced far infrared detectors

Observation of neutrino oscillations implies that neutrinos have mass, but one does not know whether they are described by Dirac or Majorana mass terms. The discovery of a Majorana mass would provide a test of the global symmetries of the standard model, and would have implications for the origin of the number of baryons in the Universe. To achieve this one can search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, a rare nuclear decay where two new electrons are created with no antimatter. The next generation of experiments will explore large Majorana neutrino mass values, also testing alternative theoretical models. In this review, devoted to neutrinoless double-beta decay, the particle and nuclear physics aspects involved in predicting the decay rate and the experimental search methods are discussed. 

/pdf/toward-the-discovery-of-matter-creation-with-neutrinoless-123ai6ip.pdf

Toward the discovery of matter creation with neutrinoless <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math> decay

Abstract The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector. 

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6471/ac841a/pdf

A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

Inorganic crystal scintillators play a crucial role in particle detection for various applications in fundamental physics and applied science. The use of such materials as scintillating bolometers, which operate at temperatures as low as 10 mK and detect both heat (phonon) and scintillation signals, significantly extends detectors performance compared to the conventional scintillation counters. In particular, such low-temperature devices offer a high energy resolution in a wide energy interval thanks to a phonon signal detection, while a simultaneous registration of scintillation emitted provides an efficient particle identification tool. This feature is of great importance for a background identification and rejection. Combined with a large variety of elements of interest, which can be embedded in crystal scintillators, scintillating bolometers represent powerful particle detectors for rare-event searches (e.g., rare alpha and beta decays, double-beta decay, dark matter particles, neutrino detection). Here, we review the features and results of low-temperature scintillation detection achieved over a 30-year history of developments of scintillating bolometers and their use in rare-event search experiments.

/pdf/scintillation-in-low-temperature-particle-detectors-2y61oudlkm.pdf

Scintillation in Low-Temperature Particle Detectors

The CUPID-Mo experiment at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France) is a demonstrator for CUPID, the next-generation ton-scale bolometric 0νββ experiment. It consists of a 4.2 kg array of 20 enriched Li_{2}^{100}MoO_{4} scintillating bolometers to search for the lepton-number-violating process of 0νββ decay in ^{100}Mo. With more than one year of operation (^{100}Mo exposure of 1.17  kg×yr for physics data), no event in the region of interest and, hence, no evidence for 0νββ is observed. We report a new limit on the half-life of 0νββ decay in ^{100}Mo of T_{1/2}>1.5×10^{24}  yr at 90% C.I. The limit corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass ⟨m_{ββ}⟩<(0.31-0.54)  eV, dependent on the nuclear matrix element in the light Majorana neutrino exchange interpretation.

/pdf/new-limit-for-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-of-100-mo-from-3p1b8v1ykz.pdf

New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ^{100}Mo from the CUPID-Mo Experiment.

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New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ^{100}Mo from the CUPID-Mo Experiment.