Soot particle measurements in diffusion flames

Aerosol dynamics modeling using the method of moments

https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=912608

Laser-induced incandescence measurements of soot production in steady and flickering methane, propane, and ethylene diffusion flames

The soot formed in a coannular ethene diffusion flame was extracted by a thermophoretic sampling technique for examination by transmission electron microscopy. A detailed analysis of the particle statistics of the samples is presented. Primary particle diameters range from 10 to 40 nm and their spatial variation within the flame affords quantitative information on the specific soot surface growth and oxidation rates. The moment ratio of the aggregate volume-equivalent diameters (D63D30,) is found to be close to the values predicted for the self-preserving size distribution in either the continuum or free molecular limit. The fractal dimensions (1 62 and 1.74) for Iwo samples examined are in the range reported in other combustion related experiments as well as in computational simulations of particle growth when cluster-cluster aggregation is an important growth mechanism The primary particle diameters that have been reported by various investigators in a wide variety of flame environments are rev...

Morphological Description of Flame-Generated Materials

A universal correlation (self-preserving map) for gas-phase production of powders is derived from first principles. A dimensionless discrete-sectional model for free-molecular aerosol coagulation is developed and systematically validated by examining the effects of section spacing and numerically conserved aerosol property (particle number, volume, and volume squared concentration) used in computing the evolution of the particle size distribution. Discrete-sectional models that numerically conserve the highest moment of the distribution (here, volume squared) most accurately predict the particle size distribution. This υ 2 -based model is used to develop a self-preserving map in the process parameter space of dimensionless time for chemical reaction, θ, and dimensionless process residence time, X . The self-preserving map defines a priori conditions for generation of powders having their asymptotic self-preserving size distribution. If the reaction is nearly instantaneous (θ ⩽ 0.25), the time required for the distribution to become self-preserving is four times the characteristic time for monomer coagulation ( X ≈ 4); however, as the reaction becomes slower (θ ⩾ 0.25), the time for the distribution to become self-preserving is approximately 15 times the characteristic time for chemical reaction ( X ≈ 15 θ ). The predictions of the present discrete-sectional model are compared against moment models for aerosol coagulation that assume that the particle size distribution remains monodisperse, self-preserving, or lognormally shaped throughout the process.

A discrete-sectional model for particulate production by gas-phase chemical reaction and aerosol coagulation in the free-molecular regime

A comparison of numerical solutions to the self-preserving size distribution for aerosol coagulation in the free-molecule regime

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A comparison of numerical solutions to the self-preserving size distribution for aerosol coagulation in the free-molecule regime