Acids of intrinsic and extrinsic origin are thought to be the main etiologic factors for dental erosion. There is evidence that acidic foodstuffs and beverages play a role in the development of erosion. However, the pH of a dietary substance alone is not predictive of its potential to cause erosion as other factors modify the erosive process. These factors are chemical (pKa values, adhesion and chelating properties, calcium, phosphate and fluoride content), behavioural (eating and drinking habits, life style, excessive consumption of acids) and biological (flow rate, buffering capacity, composition of saliva, pellicle formation, tooth composition, dental and soft tissue anatomy). The interplay between erosion and abrasion (specially oral hygiene practices) may be the main driver leading to the clinical manifestation of this disorder. Recommendations for patients at risk for dental erosion such as reducing acid exposure by reducing the frequency and contact of acids will be discussed.

The Role of Diet in the Aetiology of Dental Erosion

Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition. The consideration of chemical, biological and behavioral factors is fundamental for its prevention and therapy. Among the biological factors, saliva is one of the most important parameters in the protection against erosive wear. Objective: This review discusses the role of salivary factors on the development of dental erosion. Material and Methods: A search was undertaken on MeDLINe website for papers from 1969 to 2010. The keywords used in the research were "saliva", "acquired pellicle", "salivary flow", "salivary buffering capacity" and "dental erosion". Inclusion of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently and in duplicate by two members of the review team. Disagreements were solved by discussion and consensus or by a third party. Results: Several characteristics and properties of saliva play an important role in dental erosion. Salivary clearance gradually eliminates the acids through swallowing and saliva presents buffering capacity causing neutralization and buffering of dietary acids. Salivary flow allows dilution of the acids. In addition, saliva is supersaturated with respect to tooth mineral, providing calcium, phosphate and fluoride necessary for remineralization after an erosive challenge. Furthermore, many proteins present in saliva and acquired pellicle play an important role in dental erosion. Conclusions: Saliva is the most important biological factor affecting the progression of dental erosion. Knowledge of its components and properties involved in this protective role can drive the development of preventive measures targeting to enhance its known beneficial effects.

/pdf/saliva-and-dental-erosion-3yls3vxqv9.pdf

Saliva and dental erosion

Background Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of tooth structure in the absence of bacteria when the environment is acidic (pH  Methods The authors purchased 379 beverages from stores in Birmingham, Alabama, and categorized them (for example, juices, sodas, flavored waters, teas, and energy drinks) and assessed their pH. They used a pH meter to measure the pH of each beverage in triplicate immediately after it was opened at a temperature of 25°C. The authors recorded the pH data as mean (standard deviation). Results Most (93%, 354 of 379) beverages had a pH of less than 4.0, and 7% (25 of 379) had a pH of 4.0 or more. Relative beverage erosivity zones based on studies of apatite solubility in acid indicated that 39% (149 of 379) of the beverages tested in this study were considered extremely erosive (pH  Conclusions This comprehensive pH assessment of commercially available beverages in the United States found that most are potentially erosive to the dentition. Practical Implications This study's findings provide dental clinicians and auxiliaries with information regarding the erosive potential of commercially available beverages. Specific dietary recommendations for the prevention of dental erosion may now be developed based on the patient's history of beverage consumption.

/pdf/the-ph-of-beverages-in-the-united-states-24z912h1k2.pdf

The pH of beverages in the United States

The acquired dental pellicle helps prevent erosion, but the protection level is unknown. This in situ study tested whether a two-hour pellicle protects against different erosive challenges by orange juice. Subjects wore palatal appliances loaded with either enamel or dentin specimens. Pellicle was allowed to form, or not (control), on the surfaces of the specimens intra-orally for 2 hrs before the erosive challenges of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 minutes’ duration. Specimens were randomly removed from the appliances after each challenge. Percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMC) was determined for the enamel specimens, and that of mineral loss and lesion depth for the dentin specimens. Enamel specimens with the pellicle showed a significantly lower %SMC, only after the 10-minute challenge. No protection was found for dentin. It was concluded that the acquired pellicle reduced dental erosion, but that this effect was limited to the less severe erosive challenge on enamel surfaces.

https://www.oocities.org/scientistconrad/Colgate_Erosion/Manuscripts/Protective_Effect_of_the_Dental_Pellicle_against_Erosive_Challenges_in_situ.pdf

Protective Effect of the Dental Pellicle against Erosive Challenges in situ

PURPOSE: To provide an overview on diagnosis, risk factors and prevention of erosive tooth wear, which is becoming an increasingly important factor when considering the long- term health of the dentition. RESULTS: Awareness of dental erosion by the public is still not widespread due to the cryptic nature of this slowly progressing condition. Smooth silky-glazed appearance with the absence of perikymata and intact enamel along the gingival margin, with cupping and grooving on occlusal surfaces are some typical signs of enamel erosion. In later stages, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the influences of erosion, attrition or abrasion during a clinical examination. Biological, behavioral and chemical factors all come into play, which over time, may either wear away the tooth surface, or potentially protect it. In order to assess the risk factors, patient should record their dietary intake for a distinct period of time. Based on these analyses, an individually tailored preventive program may be suggested to patients. It may comprise dietary advice, optimization of fluoride regimes, stimulation of salivary flow rate, use of buffering medicaments and particular motivation for non-destructive tooth brushing habits. The frequent use of fluoride gel and fluoride mouthrinse in addition to fluoride toothpaste offers the opportunity to minimize abrasion of tooth substance.

/pdf/erosive-tooth-wear-diagnosis-risk-factors-and-prevention-3smqw3koaw.pdf

Erosive tooth wear: diagnosis, risk factors and prevention.

The main aim of the present study was to compare the erosive capabilities of some fruit-flavoured drinks, fresh or saturated with CaF2, with their content of acids and with previous results from some carbonated soft drinks. The other aim was to measure and compare the rates of dissolution of CaF2 in some carbonated and non-carbonated drinks and water. Seven commercially available fruit-flavoured drinks were diluted for drinking. Two human molars, each with two approximately 4 × 4 mm windows, were exposed continuously to 500 ml of each drink with or without prior equilibration with CaF2 under gentle agitation for 48 h. The depths of the erosions were then measured on microradiographs made from sections. Dissolution rate of CaF2 was measured by suspending 0.5 g of the salt in 0.5 litre of the drinks for 2, 10 and 60 min followed by solution analysis. The pH of the drinks was 2.83–3.51. The amount of NaOH required to bring pH to 5.5 ranged from 12–42 mmol/l, which is more than the amount necessary for most carbonated soft drinks. Equilibration with CaF2 gave total fluoride concentrations of 3–8 ppm. The depths of the lesions induced by the drinks without added fluoride were 450–625 µm whilst those developed by the drinks equilibrated with CaF2 were 350–625 µm. The dissolution of CaF2 was faster in the carbonated drinks and in distilled water than in the non-carbonated drinks. In conclusion, non-carbonated fruit-flavoured drinks contain considerable amounts of acids which, in vitro, induce erosions in teeth similar to those induced by carbonated soft drinks. Saturation with CaF2 reduced the in vitro development of erosions by 28% induced by drinks with pH above 3; in drinks with pH below 3, erosions were not affected by pH, despite total fluoride concentrations of up to 20 ppm.

Fluoride is unable to reduce dental erosion from soft drinks.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

A. Richards

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Fluoride is unable to reduce dental erosion from soft drinks.