Several studies have examined how the lockdown restrictions enforced to halt the spread of COVID-19 have affected adults’ movement behaviors; however, there is limited information regarding the effects on youth. This study aimed to report on the lifestyle habits of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic remote learning and explore associations between the participants’ bodyweight and lifestyle behaviors. We used a cross-sectional study applied to 285 students studying in the gymnasium. The response rate was 74.21%. They completed an online questionnaire regarding lifestyle, eating habits, and nutritional status (assessed by the Body Mass Index—BMI). The study was conducted in January–February 2021. The percentage of overweight and obese was higher among boys (p = 0.001). The mean sleep duration was 8.12 (SD:1.284) hours per night, and was higher in boys than in girls. The respondents met the physical activity (PA) recommendation for their age, based mainly on unorganized PA. The screen time was 4–6 h or more for the majority of the respondents. Dietary habits included a high consumption of comfort food, like cereals, sweets, soft drinks, snacks, and fried food, but a lower consumption of vegetables and fast food. The regression analyses showed that the BMI was correlated with the BMI of the parents and the number of hours spent in front of the computers in free time. The study identified behavioral and environmental factors that can be modified with effective strategies to reduce overweight and obesity among school students and to promote a healthy lifestyle.

/pdf/adolescents-lifestyle-determinants-in-relation-to-their-240ljz47.pdf

Adolescents’ Lifestyle Determinants in Relation to Their Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic Distance Learning in the North-Western Part of Romania—A Cross-Sectional Study

In 2014, a member of the Tasmanian Parliament introduced the Public Health Amendment (Tobacco-Free Generation) Bill 2014, which would have created an offence for selling tobacco to a member of the Tobacco-Free Generation, defined as a person born after 1 January 2000. The idea that today’s children should have no expectation that they will be able to lawfully purchase tobacco as adults is one of a number of “end-game” scenarios promoted by some tobacco control advocates. The Tasmanian government has indicated that it does not support the Tobacco-Free Generation Bill, but has recently released a five year strategic health plan that includes raising the minimum legal smoking age to 21 or 25 years as an option for consideration. This paper briefly reviews the Tobacco-Free Generation Bill and argues that the time has come for Australian state governments to seriously consider raising the minimum purchasing age for tobacco. A higher minimum purchasing age in Tasmania could reinforce efforts to reduce smoking initiation and help to address the significant health inequalities that Tasmanians experience relative to the mainland States. Something more clearly needs to be done when, for example, more than 33% of pregnant Tasmanian teenage women remain smokers.

Time to raise the minimum purchasing age for tobacco in Australia.

Objective Ongoing pediatric cohort studies offer opportunities to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's health. With well-characterized data from tens of thousands of US children, the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program offers such an opportunity. Methods ECHO enrolled children and their caregivers from community- and clinic-based pediatric cohort studies. Extant data from each of the cohorts were pooled and harmonized. In 2019, cohorts began collecting data under a common protocol, and data collection is ongoing with a focus on early life environmental exposures and five child health domains: birth outcomes, neurodevelopment, obesity, respiratory, and positive health. In April of 2020, ECHO began collecting a questionnaire designed to assess COVID-19 infection and the pandemic's impact on families. We describe and summarize the characteristics of children who participated in the ECHO Program during the COVID-19 pandemic and novel opportunities for scientific advancement. Results This sample (n = 13,725) was diverse by child age (31% early childhood, 41% middle childhood, and 16% adolescence up to age 21), sex (49% female), race (64% White, 15% Black, 3% Asian, 2% American Indian or Alaska Native, <1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 10% Multiple race and 2% Other race), Hispanic ethnicity (22% Hispanic), and were similarly distributed across the four United States Census regions and Puerto Rico. Conclusion ECHO data collected during the pandemic can be used to conduct solution-oriented research to inform the development of programs and policies to support child health during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era.

/pdf/opportunities-for-understanding-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-3t3mxoaq.pdf

Opportunities for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program

Association between maternal stress and child sleep quality: a nationwide ECHO prospective cohort study

/pdf/the-advanced-research-projects-agency-health-arpa-h-a-new-1bkkikij.pdf

The Advanced Research Projects Agency—Health (ARPA-H): a new model for research in child health

Sleep in childhood is affected by behavioral, environmental, and parental factors. We propose that these factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates sleep habit changes during the pandemic in 528 children 4-12 years old in the US, leveraging data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.Data collection occurred in July 2019-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) and two pandemic periods: December 2020-April 2021 and May-August 2021. Qualitative interviews were performed in 38 participants.We found no changes in sleep duration, but a shift to later sleep midpoint during the pandemic periods. There was an increase in latency at the first pandemic collection period but no increase in the frequency of bedtime resistance, and a reduced frequency of naps during the pandemic. Qualitative interviews revealed that parents prioritized routines to maintain sleep duration but were more flexible regarding timing. Children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less at night, had later sleep midpoint, and napped more frequently across all collection periods, warranting in-depth investigation to examine and address root causes.The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children sleep, but parental knowledge of the importance of sleep might have played a significant protective role.During the COVID-19 pandemic, US children changed their sleep habits, going to bed and waking up later, but their sleep duration did not change. Sleep latency was longer. Parental knowledge of sleep importance might have played a protective role. Regardless of data collection periods, children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less and went to bed later. This is one of the first study on this topic in the US, including prospective pre-pandemic qualitative and quantitative data on sleep habits. Our findings highlight the pandemic long-term impact on childhood sleep. Results warrants further investigations on implications for overall childhood health. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02309-z.pdf

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s sleep habits: an ECHO study

Submission from SmokeFree Tasmania to Legislative Council Sessional Committee Government Administration A on the Tobacco Free Generation

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s sleep habits: an ECHO study

Submission from SmokeFree Tasmania to Legislative Council Sessional Committee Government Administration A on the Tobacco Free Generation