Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. It is widely distributed and an important part of therapeutics in Ayurveda and in Chinese medicines. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and most up to date report on its ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, clinical, phytochemical, and side effects. Studies on the ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, clinical, phytochemical, and side effects of P. corylifolia were published until year 2017 and were searched using various scientific databases. The scientific literature searched revealed that these plant species has been extensively investigated in vivo and in vitro for various biological and phytochemical studies. It has cardiotonic, vasodilator, pigmentor, antitumor, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-helminthic properties and locally used for alopecia, inflammation, leukoderma, leprosy, psoriasis, and eczema. So far, about a hundred bioactive compounds have been isolated from seeds and fruits, and most important compounds identified belongs to coumarins, flavonoids, and meroterpenes groups. This review article summarized the most updated scientific literature on bioactive phytochemical and biological activities of P. corylifolia. This article will be a useful addition to providing information for future research, and more standard clinical trials are needed for the plant to be used as therapeutic agent.

Psoralea corylifolia L: Ethnobotanical, biological, and chemical aspects: A review.

Recently, energy drink consumption is rising The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of energy drink on enamel erosion by measuring pH and titratable acidity in energy drink on the market pH and titrable acidity in drink were measured by selecting 3 kinds of energy drinks with high sales volume among energy drinks on the domestic market To evaluate the erosion level of normal enamel, the erosion level was measured by using a surface micro-hardness after soaking it in drink for 1 minute, for 3 minutes, for 5 minutes, for 10 minutes, and for 30 minutes while using 10 pieces of bovine specimens per each group All the energy drinks were containing citric acid As for pH in drinks, pH of Burn intense was the lowest with  Hotsix stood at  Redbull stood at  In pH 55, the titrable acidity of Burn intense was 359 ml Redbull was 343 ml Hotsix was 192 ml All the energy drinks were reduced the surface micro-hardness according to a rise in time of immersion Following the 30-minute treatment in drinks, the surface micro-hardness value was indicated to be the lowest in Redbull with VHN It was shown to be in order of Hotsix and Burn intense  Hotsix and Burn intense had no statistically significant difference (p>005) Accordingly, all the energy drinks, which were used in the experiment, caused the tooth enamel erosion Among them, Redbull led to the largest enamel erosion Thus, energy drink containing citric acid and low pH can cause the enamel erosion However, it is thought to be necessarily progressed by considering factors of influencing etching a little more diversely by additionally analyzing intraoral factors, acid kinds, and even the content in calcium, phosphate and fluoride

https://www.koreascience.or.kr:443/article/JAKO201534853187836.pdf

The Effect of Energy Drink on Enamel Erosion

Assessment of Nutrient and Sugar Content and pH of Some Commercial Beverages

Propolis has been used as a natural remedy in folk medicine worldwide. The antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal aspects of its antimicrobial properties have been widely investigated. However, few studies focused on its applications in dentistry. Many dental diseases are related to various microorganisms in the oral cavity. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of Korean propolis extract, collected from 6 different regions, on oral pathogenic microorganisms. The propolis samples, collected from 6 different regions (P1: Uijeongbu, P2: Ansan, P3: Hongcheon, P4: Iksan, P5: Gwangju, and P6: Sangju), were dissolved in ethanol at two different concentrations (10 and 50 mg/ml). Three oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and one fungus (Candida albicans) were activated in general broth for 24 hours. Microorganisms were diluted and spread onto agar plates, onto which sterilized 6 mm filter papers with or without each propolis sample were placed. After 24 hours of incubation, clear zones of inhibition were observed. All tests were performed in triplicate. The propolis samples showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity on oral pathogenic microorganisms; in addition, low-concentration groups showed outstanding antimicrobial efficacy on the 4 different microorganisms. Among the samples, P6 had significantly higher antibacterial activity than that of the others against three different bacteria. In particular, a high concentration of P6 showed a significant antifungal effect. In conclusion, we confirmed that Korean propolis has an inhibitory effect on oral pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Therefore, we suggest the possibility of developing oral medicine and oral care products based on Korean propolis.

Antimicrobial Activity of Korean Propolis Extracts on Oral Pathogenic Microorganisms

(i) To develop, validate, and apply in practice a new risk assessment tool for erosive tooth wear (ETW) including a risk factors questionnaire and a saliva secretion evaluation, which combined with a clinical index, can be part of an ETW composite scoring system; (ii) to assess ETW lesions and current and past erosive challenges in younger age groups. The Tooth Surface Loss/Erosion Working Group of the European Association of Dental Public Health consisted of an international panel of experts designed the survey component of the new tool (Erosive Wear Assessment of Risk—EWAR) and confirmed its construct and content validity. After receiving ethical approvals and informed consents, the EWAR tool (questionnaire + saliva secretion evaluation) was applied in a multicenter cross-sectional study with 207 participants aged 15–21 years old from four countries (Finland, Greece, Romania, the USA). BEWE score was used for the clinical assessment of ETW. A total of 58.5% of participants had ETW. 10.9% and 20.3% of participants had low secretion of stimulated (< 1 ml/min) and unstimulated saliva (< 0.25 ml/min), respectively. The following factors were bivariately significantly associated with ETW: energy drink consumption, low secretion of stimulated saliva, juices consumption, erosive drink consumption for quenching thirst between meals, erosive drink kept in the mouth, feeling pain/icing after consuming something acidic or cold, and co-existence of other type of tooth wear. In regression analysis, only energy drink consumption (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.39, 8.9), low secretion of stimulated saliva (OR = 36.3, 95% CI: 4.71, 78.94), and feeling pain/icing (OR = 8.8, 95% CI: 1.92, 40.04) remained significant. The examiners of the study reported that the EWAR tool appeared to be an affordable and easy-to-use instrument. Some challenges occurred during the saliva collection process. Inferential analysis revealed that the risk factors/indicators of low stimulated salivary flow, energy drink consumption, and pain/icing with ETW were considered the most important in ETW occurrence. EWAR tool combined with the BEWE clinical index can be used for ETW risk assessment for epidemiological studies and chairside use.

Multicenter study to develop and validate a risk assessment tool as part of composite scoring system for erosive tooth wear.

When a liquid drop makes first contact with any surface, unbalanced surface tension force drives the contact line causing spreading. For Newtonian or weakly elastic, non-Newtonian liquids, either liquid inertia...

Short time spreading dynamics of elastic drops

Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Presenting as Unilateral Pulmonary Edema

When a liquid drop makes initial contact with any surface, an unbalanced surface tension force drives the contact line, causing spreading. For Newtonian liquids, either liquid inertia or viscosity dictates these early regimes of spreading, albeit with different power-law behaviors of the evolution of the dynamic spreading radius. In this work, we investigate the early regimes of spreading for yield-stress liquids. We conducted spreading experiments with hydrogels and blood with varying degrees of yield stress. We observe that for yield-stress liquids, the early regime of spreading is primarily dictated by their high shear rate viscosity. For yield-stress liquids with low values of high shear rate viscosity, the spreading dynamics mimics that of Newtonian liquids like water, i.e., an inertia-capillary regime exhibited by a power-law evolution of spreading radius with exponent 1/2. With increasing high shear rate viscosity, we observe that a deceptively similar, although slower, power-law spreading regime is obeyed. The observed regime is in fact a viscous-capillary where viscous dissipation dominates over inertia. The present findings can provide valuable insights into how to efficiently control moving contact lines of biomaterial inks, which often exhibit yield-stress behavior and operate at high print speeds, to achieve desired print resolution.

Rapid Spreading of Yield-Stress Liquids

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Short time spreading dynamics of elastic drops

Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation Presenting as Unilateral Pulmonary Edema

Rapid Spreading of Yield-Stress Liquids